基于图像处理技术检测弓网接触力的新方法

接触网和受电弓是电气化铁路供电系统中的重要组成部分,其中弓网之间的动态接触又是保证电力机车良好受流的关键条件,所以寻求良好的弓网关系是铁路供电系统设计的一个重点.考虑到目前弓网接触力大多采用接触式检测手段,对于非接触检测的研究方法较少,故提出了一种基于图像处理算法检测弓网接触力的新方法.简化受电弓弓头结构,分析了弓网接触力与弓头位移之间的关系,建立弓网接触力计算模型;并在弓网混合模拟试验台进行地面验证实验：首先,利用图像处理模块对采集到的图像进行标记点的目标跟踪与特征提取;然后,通过数据处理模块对得到的位移信息进一步分析得到弓头加速度等信息,修正得到加速度信号;最后,对经过惯性力和阻尼力修正后的接触力结果进行分析.结果表明：通过图像处理检测得到的弓头位移最大测量误差仅为1.3 mm,精度较高;同时检测得到的弓网动态接触力的最大值、平均值和标准差的最大相对误差仅为5.46%、5.15%和4.58%,测量误差较小.结果证实此方法检测弓网接触力是可行的,且检测精度满足要求.     

刚性索自锚式悬索桥主缆锚固区局部应力分析

以平顶山建设路立交桥——刚性索自锚式悬索桥为工程实例,分别运用有限元计算程序Midas/Civil和Ansys建立其整体计算模型和边跨主缆锚固区梁段的局部计算模型,对锚固区进行空间局部应力分析,研究其受力状态,得出结论:箱梁绝大部分位置的应力均在规范允许范围内,且主梁压应力储备充足;箱梁主梁梁段切开截面端与顶板交接处的正中心位置顺桥向正应力和最大主拉应力均较大,局部超过规范要求,建议在桥梁设计和施工过程中考虑在边跨顶板中心位置配置压重或顶板纵向预应力钢束,防止箱梁顶板开裂;主缆锚固位置处的最大主压应力较大,锚固位置附近的最大主拉应力超限,需要在锚固位置附近局部加强或改变锚固方式;所有倒角部位在施工时应尽量平顺,避免应力集中。     

乳品企业构建信息化管理平台研究

我国大多数乳品生产企业仍处于传统的管理模式,尤其是西部的乳品企业管理水平普遍低下,已不能适应激烈的市场竞争对企业的要求.文章阐述了乳品工业企业构建信息化管理平台的现状,分析了乳品企业信息化管理平台的特点,对乳品企业信息化管理平台的规划与开发提出了相应的对策.     

一类有理差分方程的持续生存和渐近性质

主要研究非线性有理差分方程xn 1=αn (xn-k)/(xn),n=0,1,2...,正解的动力行为,其中αn是非负实数序列,且收敛到正实数α,k∈{1,2,...},初始条件x-k,...,x0是任意的正实数,获得了此非线性有理差分方程在一定条件下的持续生存和全局吸引性,推广了相关的已知结果.     

美国加州最新排放标准介绍及国产通用小型汽油机面临的挑战

介绍美国加州最新颁布的排放标准,进而结合国产小型通用汽油机的排放现状统计,指出了国产小型通用汽油机产品排放存在的差距及面临的挑战。     

TCP-Ⅰ型摩托车排气污染物测量装置

TCP-I型摩托车排气污染物检测装置,基于嵌入式WindowsCE操作系统和PLC、MCGS组态软件,以触摸屏为控制站,PLC为控制单元,由传感器和采集模块将数据传递给工控机,实现对摩托车排气污染物的检测。该装置测量精度高,用CFO法和重量法进行标定测试,误差均在±2%以内,系统运行稳定、可靠。     

Parametric vibration and vibration reduction of cables in cable-stayed space latticed structure

Mechanical model and vibration equation of a cable in cable-stayed sparse latticed structure (CSLS) under external axial excitation were founded. Determination of the mass lumps and natural frequencies supplied by the space latticed structure (SLS) was analyzed. Multiple scales method (MSM) was introduced to analyze the characteristics of cable's parametric vibration, and the precise time-integration method (PTIM) was used to solve vibration equation. The vibration behavior of a cable is closely relative to the frequency ratio of the cable and SLS. The cable's parametric vibration caused by the external axial excitation easily occurs if the frequency ratio of the cable and SLS is in a certain range, and the cable's vibration amplitude varies greatly even if the initial disturbance supplied by SLS changes a little. Furthermore, the mechanical model and vibration equation of the composite cable system consisting of main cables and assistant cables were studied. The parametric analysis such as the pre-tension level and arrangement of the assistant cables was carried out. Due to the assistant cables, the single-cable vibration mode can be transferred to the global vibration mode, and the stiffness and damping of the cable system are enhanced. The natural frequencies of the composite cable system with the curve line arrangement of assistant cables are higher than those with the straight-line arrangement and the former is more effective than the latter on the cable's vibration suppression.     

Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities

As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as to the community as a whole. Bicycling now accounts for less than 1 percent of all trips for all purposes in the U.S., but evidence from other western countries suggests that under the right conditions, bicycling levels can be significantly higher. Indeed, the experiences of some U.S. cities suggest that it is possible to create conditions conducive to higher levels of bicycling even in the U.S. However, the extent to which bicycle investments have contributed to bicycling levels in these communities has not been rigorously assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the determinants of bicycle ownership and use as a basis for identifying ways to promote bicycling. A cross-sectional study of six cities was designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual factors and social environment factors, using a nested logit model to examine ownership and use decisions jointly. The results show strong effects of individual attitudes and physical and social environment factors on bicycle ownership and use.     

Investigating effects of asphalt pavement conditions on traffic accidents in Tennessee based on the pavement management system (PMS)

Pavement maintenance is essential for ensuring good riding quality and avoiding traffic congestion, air pollution, and accidents. Improving road safety is one of the most important objectives for pavement management systems. This study utilized the Tennessee Pavement Management System (PMS) and Accident History Database (AHD) to investigate the relationship between accident frequency and pavement distress variables. Focusing on four urban interstates with asphalt pavements, divided median types, and 55 mph speed limits, 21 Negative Binomial Regression models were developed for predicting various types of traffic accident frequencies based on different pavement condition variables, including rut depth (RD), International Roughness Index (IRI), and Present Serviceability Index (PSI). The modeling results indicated that the RD models did not perform well, except for predicting accidents at night and accidents under rain weather conditions; whereas, IRI and PSI were always significant prediction variables in all types of accident models. Comparing the models goodness‐of‐fit results, it was found that the PSI models had a better performance in crash frequency prediction than the RD models and IRI models. This study suggests that the PSI accident prediction models should be considered as a comprehensive approach to integrate the highway safety factors into the pavement management system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

既有隧道间新建小净距大断面四车道隧道动态施工监测技术

目前小净距四车道公路隧道的设计和施工经验相对不足,因而监控量测工作显得尤为重要.文章依托工程的监控量测成果,阐述了动态监测在工程实践中的重要应用价值;针对隧道施工特点进行了方案设计及优化;对边坡沉降、拱顶下沉等典型数据进行了分析,很好地反馈施工;通过对监测数据的统计分析,提出了小净距、大跨径四车道隧道围岩变形的建议预警值:监测工作为项目顺利、安全地进行提供了保证.项目实施经验及研究成果可为类似条件下工程的设计、施工和监测提供借鉴.