基于PDA和GPS实时坐标转换系统的设计与实现

为了满足GPS海上打桩定位的需要,开发了相应的PDA实时坐标转换软件。介绍了基于PDA和GPS的实时坐标转换系统的基本原理和串口通信模块。详细介绍了该系统的开发和设计,介绍了系统与GPS打桩定位系统的集成。试验结果表明,该系统精度高、操作简单,提高了打桩定位的精度和效率。     

地铁电缆与钢轨快速铜热焊接方法的分析研究

目前国内普遍采用快速铜热焊接方法,用于地铁供电系统回流线电缆和信号系统轨连线电缆与钢轨的焊接。此种方法造成的钢轨重伤在北京地铁中占有很大比例。经采用A国和B国焊药进行焊接,通过对焊接接头的宏观、显微组织观察,以及显微硬度和疲劳试验等多项分析研究,探讨了该类型焊接接头产生裂纹使钢轨重伤的原因,指出了该方法的不足之处。     

Temperature Measurements and Tail Brush Replacement using Frozen Liquid Nitrogen for the Nanjing Weisanlu Tunnel北大核心CSCD

A scheme for stopping water by freezing liquid nitrogen and replacing the tail brush is presented in light of the situation encountered at the Nanjing Weisanlu river-crossing tunnel, a long-distance shield driving tunnel characterized by serious water leakage, sand gushing and water inflow at the shield tail brush. The law of the tempera-ture change of the master outlet circuits and each branch circuit when using liquid nitrogen freezing to stop water un-der high water pressures and the temperature change law for the soil body at different depths are analyzed. The re-sults show that: the temperature difference of the liquid nitrogen is large at the inlet and outlet of the freezing pipe,and it reaches around 35℃ after 6 days; the temperature drops fastest in the pebble layer, and the second fastest in the gravel sand layer, with the temperature cooling slowest in the silty fine sand layer; the average velocities at the frontal surface of the frozen soil in the pebble layer, gravel sand layer and silty fine sand layer are 15.5 cm/d, 12.5 cm/d and 8.3 cm/d, respectively, within the range 600 mm away from the frozen pipe; and affected by heat and air convection in the tunnel, the temperature at the junction of the segment and soil is higher than that in the soil layer.A complete frozen wall takes shape after 13 days of liquid nitrogen freezing, and tail brush replacement takes 22 days from freezing. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Heat Release Rate and Temperature Field of a Bus on Fire北大核心CSCD

Bus fires are a common source of fires that occur in tunnels and are a huge threat to the safety of the tunnel structure and related personnel. An elaborate numerical simulation model of a bus is established considering the different combustion characteristics of the bus body, seats, decorations and baggage. For fires occuring at the bus head, middle part or back seat, the temperature field, heat release rate (HRR) and characteristics of the fire are ana-lyzed. The HRR calculation formula is obtained by superimposing a Boltzmann curve on a Gaussian curve. The re-sults show the peak and average values of a bus HRR are 48 MW and 8.1 MW, respectively, and the released energy due to combustion is 14.5 GJ; the maximum burning temperature reaches 1 040℃ and the temperature near the door can reach 60℃ after 120 sec. The temperature rises fastest at the bus door when the fire occurs at the rear of the bus and it has a high chance of detonating the fuel tank. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

极地船舶操纵性预报研究

从北极航道出发,研究了北极航道对船舶操纵性影响的主要因素。介绍了船舶操纵性的模型试验和数值模拟方法 ,研究了船舶操纵性的性能指标和提高方法,并通过模型试验分析了上海船舶研究设计院(SDARI)设计的极地重载甲板运输船的操纵性性能。由于现行规范中对极地船的操纵性性能没有明确要求,建议设计中留足余量,以避免极地环境特殊性造成的操纵性性能降低所引发的突发状况。     

管道仿真技术发展与应用进展

文中从泄漏分析与检测、在线仿真、运行优化与储气调峰方面,分析了国内外管道仿真技术的应用现状。结合当前存在的主要问题,提出应针对仿真软件易用性、高度集成的建模技术和决策支持系统等开展深入研究,以加强对管道的控制及提高管道安全性。     

基于CFD的某车型顶蒸出风均匀性研究

为了更好地保证较大尺寸车型的乘员舱舒适性,通常会增加一套顶蒸风管系统。由于顶蒸风管布置受到顶棚的空间限制,出风口位置风管方向与风口方向互为垂直的结构,风口位置会形成较大的风口空腔,气流进入空腔后容易形成涡流,会出现风口出风不均匀的现象,影响乘员舱舒适性。应用CFD分析方法计算得到风口的风速分布,根据分析结果判断出风均匀性,通过优化风管出风口结构,即在风口位置风管内壁设计凸台结构,达到提升风口出风均匀性的目的,进而改善乘员舱的舒适性。     

等值单元和等值单元定理

本文给出了等值单元、广义状态量、伴随广义状态量等新概念,提出了等值单元定理。      

Biogeochemistry of sulfur in a sediment core from the west-central Baltic Sea: Evidence from stable isotopes and pyrite textures

The biogeochemistry of the sulfur cycle in a ca. 5-m-long sediment core from the eastern slope (221 m water depth) of the Landsort Deep in the west-central Baltic Sea was investigated by analyzing the solid phase records of sulfur isotopes and pyrite textures, besides selected main and minor elements. The sediments were deposited during post-glacial history of the Baltic Sea when the basin experienced alteration of brackish (Yoldia Sea, Littorina Sea) and freshwater (Baltic Ice Lake, Ancylus Lake) conditions. The stable isotopic composition of total sulfur was analyzed as a function of depth. In selected samples pyrite (FeS₂), greigite (Fe₃S₄), and barite (BaSO₄) fractions were separated for isotope analyses. Pyrite textures were analyzed by SEM and optical microscopy.Microbial reactions associated with the oxidation of organic matter resulted in assemblages of authigenic sulfide minerals which for the post-Ancylus Lake brackish water environment are dominated by pyrite and for freshwater environments by Fe-monosulfides. The sulfur isotopic composition of the brackish water Littorina Sea sediments (δ³⁴S between −40 and −27‰ vs. V-CDT) is believed to be determined by cellular sulfate reduction rates and reactions involving intermediate sulfur species. The availability of reactive iron and decomposable organic matter as well as sedimentation rate and the chemocline position are important variables upon the δ³⁴S values of sulfides in brackish water environment. The syn-depositional abundance of sulfur and organic matter, and transport of dissolved sulfur species vs. rates of microbial reactions determine δ³⁴S in the freshwater sediments. The upper part of the Ancylus Lake sediments is sulfidized by downward diffusing H₂S and/or sulfate from overlying brackish water sediments. Minor concretionary barite formation in the freshwater sediments is most likely due to the reaction of pore water sulfate diffusing downward from brackish water sediments with barium desorbed from freshwater sediments. The size distribution of pyrite framboids in the brackish sediments indicates that the formation mainly occurred from anoxic pore waters, although some pyrite formation in an anoxic water column cannot be excluded.     

一种求解PUMA机械手运动学逆问题的分解解法

文提出了一种新的求解机械手运动学逆问题的分解解法,它是对现有代数解法和几何解法的综合。文中结合PUMA机械手对该解法作了体阐述。