雾封层养护措施的路用效果分析

依托多条雾封层养护措施试验路段的施工实践,对雾封层措施的施工艺及养护措施的路用效果进行评价,评价指标主要包括抗滑摆值、路面构造深度及路面渗水系数,结果表明：雾封层措施对这3个指标值都有明显的改善,达到了减少水损害和延长道路寿命的目的,但在施工中,应严格注意针对具体的路段采用合适的雾封层措施中乳化沥青的比例,达到最佳的养护效果。     

铣刨机行驶作业阻力特性分析

为了给铣刨机行走系统参数匹配提供参考,以CLG563铣刨机为研究对象,对铣刨机行驶作业阻力特性进行分析。通过理论研究和现场试验对铣刨机作业阻力的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:铣刨机的行驶阻力、铣刨扭矩和后桥垂直力都随铣刨厚度和行走速度的增大而增大;铣刨机行驶阻力主要是由铣刨过程中铣刨转子的水平切削分力产生,由地面附着条件产生的滚动阻力占行驶阻力的比例较小。     

Spatial and Temporal Modeling of Beach Use: A Case Study of East Anglia,UK

As tourists are sensitive to weather conditions and changes to the environments they visit, it is likely that climate change will affect coastal recreation in the future. To understand these impacts, it is first important to quantify how visitor numbers are associated with beach characteristics and weather patterns. Using the East Anglian coastline, UK, as a case study, information on the spatial distribution of visitors recorded from aircraft flights is combined with beach characteristic data in a Geographical Information System. In addition, surveys are undertaken at two beaches to assess temporal variations in visitation. The study finds a diverse range of characteristics are associated with visitor numbers. These findings are evaluated alongside the anticipated effects of climate change and management policies. Although it is predicted that warmer weather will increase visitor numbers overall, sea-level rise may reduce numbers at wide sandy beaches, which are currently most preferred by tourists.     

干散货航运企业是“去库存”或“去产能”

证实了干散货运输是国际贸易的派生需求,并根据派生需求理论,建立了干散货市场与国际贸易过原点的回归模型.通过引用联合国统计数据,利用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS软件),计算获得国际贸易与干散货船舶运输需求的相关性系数.并根据该相关系数计算知,2012-2014年间,干散货市场的供给与需求之间存在较大缺口,即干散货市场的船舶供给过剩达到14％左右.到2014年之前,干散货市场很难消化已有的存量船舶.因而对于干散货市场的航运企业在未来几年的策略是“去产能”.     

2205DSS焊接结构在酸性环境下腐蚀速率研究

试验研究了2205DSS焊接结构的母材区、融合区、热影响区分别在草酸、硝酸和盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率。研究发现:该结构在草酸和沸腾的硝酸溶液中有较好的耐腐蚀能力,而在盐酸溶液中较差;熔合区腐蚀速率最快,母材区次之;在盐酸溶液中腐蚀速率随着温度的升高而加快,随着盐酸溶液浓度的增加先增加后降低,随着腐蚀时间的进行而降低。建立了腐蚀速率与盐酸溶液的温度、浓度、腐蚀时间之间的数学模型,该模型能快速计算该焊接结构在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率。     

拉脊山隧道洞口段施工方法研究

介绍了国内外软弱地层下隧道洞口段的施工方法,根据数值计算,研究了拉脊山隧道洞口段的施工方案,确定了施工方法——CRD法,及拉脊山隧道洞口段的施工工序.现场位移监测数据表明:采用CRD法施工时,拱顶沉降最大位移≯9 cm,保证了施工过程的安全.对比监测值与数值计算值,表明利用CRD法进行施工是恰当的.     

Optimizing shipping company operations using business process modelling

In order to identify the elements constituting quality in services, a business process modelling methodology has been applied in the case of a Greek liner shipping company. The company operations have been identified and analysed in order to assess the complete performance of service elements and thereafter identify how to match the service performance against the user requirements. A liner container service within Europe has to compete with the road transport which, in many cases, is an alternative to the sea transportation and not complementary to it. Thus, not only the ship has to be envisaged when aiming to improve quality in services but also the whole chain, namely port authorities, land transportation enterprises, subcontractors, agents, charterers and others. A set of potential improvements within this framework are thus suggested and time and cost (examined in a specific voyage scenario) are measured before and after the implementation of these measures. Very large time and cost savings are observed after the application of the technology improvements, allowing, in fact, the shipping company to even increase the number of round trips per year in the examined route. This indicates that very large benefits can be drawn by analysing and critically adjusting business processes in modern shipping companies.     

Port and terminal selection by deep-sea container operators

This paper deals with the importance of port choice and container terminal selection for deep-sea container carriers. The paper focuses on the research question: on what basis do deep-sea container operators select container ports (strategy) and container terminals (financial reasons) in the Hamburg–Le Havre range over others? In answering this research question, three dimensions are addressed in detail: the buying decision characteristics; port choice strategy; and terminal selection. The results show that strategic considerations at company level are important. For port choice the most important criteria from a carrier's perspective are: availability of hinterland connections; reasonable tariffs; and immediacy of consumers (large hinterland). In addition to these criteria, shipping lines attach great value to often neglected factors, such as feeder connectivity, environmental issues and the total portfolio of the port. The study reveals that port selection and terminal selection are not the same with terminal selection criteria mainly depending on: handling speed; handling costs; reliability; and hinterland connections. The analysis also brought forward that the decision making is different per container carrier, per trade and per port type, implying that a one size fits all approach is not relevant.     

The potential role of public–private partnerships in the upgrade of port infrastructure: normative and positive considerations

There is a broad consensus on the need for the major expansion of many ports. Traditionally, ports and related facilities have involved significant levels of direct or indirect government ownership or some degree of government financing. Most governments, however, are reluctant to either borrow money to fund the needed additional capital infrastructure or to fund it directly. Public–private partnerships (P3s) are thus an attractive potential option. But are they the answer? This article examines the normative rationales for P3s and presents a positive theory perspective that focuses on the conflicting goals of public and private partners. It argues that the major government impetus for P3s is likely to be for physical port infrastructure with moderate levels of market failure, such as small to medium sized ports, and not for intangible port activities. Furthermore, small to medium sized port P3s are likely to be successful in terms of having relatively low transaction costs and lower total social costs than alternative provision mechanisms. Nonetheless, even in this situation, the different goals of public and private partners may give rise to conflict. Drawing on the global empirical evidence on P3s, this article proposes some institutional design features that will help to ensure P3 success.