企业会计档案的作用与管理

随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,原有的会计体制已不能完全适应新形势发展的需要。社会监督体系的不健全,也使社会經济生活中出现了一些亟待解决的问题。于是,一种自下而上的会计管理体制改革与试点在全国开始实施。会计档案的作用管理也在不完善。     

Timing sequence changes of landscape plants in Shanghai Area,China

Based on published reports and direct observation, the common resources of landscape plant species in the Shanghai area were identified and studied in terms of the landscape characteristics of timing sequence changes over a one year time period. The results showed that there were 199 common landscape plant species in Shanghai, distributed in 67 families and 129 genera. These plants were categorized by three ornamental characteristics: flowers, foliage and fruits. The species were thus further analyzed according to the time periods which these characteristics were present. The results showed that flower ornamental distributed throughout the year, particularly from April to June, and plant species with colorful foliage could be seen every month, and particularly in November and December. On the other hand, few plant species with fruit ornamentals were observed in Shanghai area. The diversity of landscape timing sequence changes of the 199 plant species under examination was then analyzed by using the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson index formulas. The results showed that the higher diversity was observed in January, February and from August to October, while the lowest diversity was recorded from March to July and during November and December. The diversity of landscape characteristics of these plants was ranked according to foliage, flowers and fruit. Using this method, one park and one plant community were selected to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of their time-changing plant landscape, with the goal of assessing the validity of the chosen ranking method. These results in the present study would be helpful to evaluate the plant landscape in a specified space and further enrich the diversity of plant and landscape by a target-oriented way.     

顾及小目标特征的视频人流量智能统计方法

人流量统计对智能安防等领域具有重要研究价值. 针对视频监控系统中人流量统计准确率较低的问题,提出一种顾及小目标特征的视频人流量智能统计方法,重点研究用于小目标检测的Faster R-CNN （Faster region-convolutional neural network）改进算法、运动目标关联匹配以及双向人流量智能统计等关键技术,根据人头目标的小尺度特点对Faster R-CNN网络结构进行适应性改进,利用图像浅层特征提高网络对于小目标的特征提取能力,通过基于轨迹预测的跟踪算法实现运动目标的实时追踪,同时设计双向人流量智能统计算法,以实现人流量高准确率统计;为证明方法的有效性,在密集程度不同的场景中进行了测试. 测试结果表明:改进的目标检测算法相较于原始算法,在Brainwash测试集和Pets2009基准数据集上的平均准确率分别提高了7.31%、10.71%,视频人流量智能统计方法在多种场景下的综合评价指标F值均能达到90.00%以上,相较于SSD-Sort算法和Yolov3-DeepSort算法,其F值提高了1.14% ~ 3.04%.      

交通瓶颈影响下两路口联动控制策略研究

针对路口相关路段发生交通瓶颈现象时原有的路口控制策略很可能会产生溢流现象这一问题,在对周期内路段车流组成进行分析的基础上,应用集散波理论,分析了不同交通瓶颈通行能力对上游路口到交通瓶颈间路段溢流现象产生的影响,针对该影响,分析了交通瓶颈下游路口为消除该影响在控制策略方面应进行的调整,分析结果表明,下游路口某车道排队长度延伸至交通瓶颈可能会使上游路口在同样信号控制策略下从非溢流状态变为溢流状态;一方面可通过延长下游路口相关相位的绿灯时间来避免上游路口到交通瓶颈间路段的溢流现象;另一方面可以通过改变上下游路口间的相位差来消除交通瓶颈通行能力改变对溢流现象产生的影响.     

级配碎石基层沥青路面力学响应的灰关联分析

文章采用美国KENPAVE软件对比分析了2种典型级配碎石基层路面结构在不同厚度条件下的路表弯沉、沥青层底拉应变、土基顶面压应变等力学指标,并采用灰关联法分析了各力学指标对结构影响的显著程度。研究表明:倒装路面结构形式优于柔性基层路面结构形式,且碎石夹层厚度为15cm左右时,结构形式最优。     

城市轨道交通网络化客流特征及成长规律——基于京沪穗深城市轨道交通网络客流数据分析

中国各大城市轨道交通将陆续进入网络化运营阶段,然而对于网络化进程中客流特征及成长规律尚缺乏深入细致的分析与研究。对北京、上海、广州、深圳4个城市轨道交通网络化进程中的客流特征及成长规律进行系统总结,涉及客运量及客运强度、断面客流量分布、线网换乘系数、乘距与运距、客流时间分布等。同时,针对轨道交通沿线土地利用、线网规模、服务水平、票制票价等影响客流特征变化的主要因素进行分析。在此基础上,对当前中国城市轨道交通规划、建设、运营组织的若干关键问题提出建议。     

负载下CFRP约束混凝土应力-应变关系分析型模型

为研究负载水平对FRP(纤维增强复合材料)约束混凝土柱峰值应力和峰值应变的影响,根据32个CFRP(碳纤维增强复合材料)约束混凝土圆柱构件和16个CFRP约束混凝土方柱构件的试验结果,引入负载影响因子,对J G Teng提出的CFRP约束混凝土柱峰值应力和峰值应变计算公式进行修正.在此基础上分析了CFRP约束混凝土柱构件轴向-侧向应变关系,以J G Teng本构模型为主动约束关系,建立了负载下CFRP约束混凝土应力-应变分析型模型.研究结果表明:模型理论曲线与试验曲线接近,修正后的峰值应力和峰值应变与试验结果较吻合,圆柱构件的误差约10%,方柱构件的误差在15%左右.      

Study on launch dynamics of the tank marching fire

As an army main battle equipment, it is required that the tank should have high firing accuracy and high first round hit probability during marching. The initial disturbance of the projectile is the premier factor that takes effect on the marching fire accuracy of the tank. And the marching fire accuracy of the tank depends on the launch dynamics behaviors of the tank. In this paper, the launch dynamics theory of a tank marching fire is studied, and its launch dynamics model is established. Based on the transfer matrix method for multibody system(MSTMM) and the automatic deduction theorem of overall transfer equations, the overall transfer equation and the overall transfer matrix of a tank multibody system are deduced; the launch dynamics equations of the tank marching fire are deduced, and the dynamic response of the tank system, the motion of projectile in barrel, the initial disturbance of the projectile and the vertical target dispersion are exactly simulated; meanwhile, the results of simulation are verified by tests. This work provides both theoretical foundation and simulation approaches for improving the marching fire accuracy of the tank.     

设计以人为本的街道——以东莞市东城世博商业圈道路设计为例

中国很多城市道路往往以机动车交通为主要设计对象,而忽视步行和自行车交通.阐述当前世界各大城市和地区以人为本的街道设计理念和趋势,总结国外街道设计基本原则,并辅以国际经验示例.以东莞市东城世博商业圈道路设计为例,阐述商业区、住宅区等人流量较大的区域进行人性化道路设计的要点.通过压缩机动车道数、设计中间分隔带、设置非机动车道、统筹布置设施带等方法,设计更加人性化的道路横断面;通过抬升交叉口、采用较小路缘石半径、交通稳静化措施等方法,设计更加人性化的交叉口.指出以人为本的街道设计有利于创建富有活力、可持续发展的宜居城市.     

基于Adaptive Lasso与RF的航班运行风险预测改进研究

为了解决航班运行风险高维数组运算过于复杂的问题,同时为防止模型过度拟合影响预测精度,基于中国民航局发布的风险评估体系,以某航450组真实航班数据为标准样本,首先使用自适应套索算法（Adaptive Lasso）进行降维,从63项风险自变量中筛选出15项独立变量;然后,使用随机森林算法(Random Forest,RF)进行防过拟合处理,结果显示当使用重要度排序前12项变量拟合时,结果误差达到最小值,即得到最终预测指标;最后,构建Adaptive Lasso和RF的二阶段混合模型,同时选取主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)、径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)网络、支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)3种对比方法,使用十折交叉验证精度.结果表明：Adaptive Lasso方法在筛选掉48项指标后,结果精度未见下降;经RF处理后4种方法评估精度均大于未处理前;Adaptive Lasso-RF混合模型的预测准确率和稳定性均优于PCA、RBF神经网络和SVM等方法.综上说明混合模型实现了有效降维和防过拟合,可大幅提升预测精度,用于解决航班风险预测问题可行并有效.