SMA路面的设计与施工

SMA沥青码蹄脂碎石混合料是近年来国际上应用较广的新型沥青混合料。它适合于经济高速发展下道路承担重交通荷载和高轮胎压力的要求。它各方面的优异性能是原来的密级配沥青混凝土路面无法比拟的,特别是抗高温车撤和抗滑能力。该文参阅国内外资料,结合自身参与设计、施工的经验,较系统地对SMA路面设计与施工中的相关技术问题进行了总结,并强调了影响质量的关键指标。     

Transient characteristics of emissions during engine start/stop operation employing a conventional gasoline engine for HEV application

In this paper, we investigate the transient characteristics of combustion and emissions during engine start/stop operations in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions during the initial 2^nd∼9^th cycles are found to be significantly greater when the engine is quickly started under the original engine calibration mode. Lower intake manifold absolute pressure (MAP) was also found to cause larger residual gas dilution and poor combustion, resulting in a higher HC concentration when the cranking speed was increased. The post-catalyst HC concentration was found in the way of initially decrease and then to increase again as the cranking speed was increased. A lowest concentration value was achieved at a cranking speed of 1000 r/min. Engine shut-down by fuel cut-off was shown to produce lower emissions than shut-down by ignition cut-off as one can avoid misfire of the last fuel injection cycle. The fuel deposited during the stop process seems to impact engine restart enrichment mostly during the initial 0.7 s for this engine, whose performance is dominated by the MAP transition characteristic and the time coefficient for fuel vaporization in this time period     

Optimized design for a MacPherson strut suspension with side load springs

Undesired lateral force inevitably exists in a MacPherson suspension system, which is liable to damper rod’s side wear and promotes the damper’s inner friction decreasing the ride performance from the suspension system. Substituting a new side load spring with curved centerline for the conventional coil spring has been proven able to solve these problems and Multi-body Dynamics combining with Finite Elements Analysis may be an efficient method in optimizing its design. Therefore, taking a passenger car as example, a detailed multi-body dynamics model for the suspension system is built to simulate forces exerted on the damper and the minimization of its lateral component is selected as the design target for the spring. When the structure optimization of the side load spring is performed using FEA software ANSYS, its vertical and lateral elastic characteristics, supported by test data, are analyzed. After importing FEA results back to the suspension system, the dynamics simulation can be performed to validate the optimization result.     

Adaptive neuron control using an integrated error approach with application to active suspensions

This paper proposes a new neuron control strategy for an active vehicle suspension system, with the emphasis on the study of multivariable and uncertain suspension characteristics. The novelty of this strategy is in the use of integrated error, which consists of multiple output errors in the regulated plant. By combining the integrated error approach with the traditional neuron control (TNC), integrated error neuron control (IENC) is presented. It provides a direct control to the multiple outputs of the control plant simultaneously. Taking a quarter-car model as an example, the proposed control strategy is applied and comparative simulations are carried out with various vehicle parameters and road input conditions. Simulation results prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed IENC method. In addition, the newly proposed neuron scheme provides a simple yet efficient new possibility for the control of a class of uncertain multivariable systems similar to an active vehicle suspension.     

混凝土拱涵的优化设计

针对常规混凝土拱涵材料用量大的问题,介绍了新颖的拱涵结构形式,应用遗传算法对拱涵的轴线进行了优化设计,得到受力合理的拱轴线坐标,拱圈各截面弯矩均比较小,使涵洞结构简单,施工方便,达到节省材料、加快施工速度、降低工程造价的目的.     

基于ACCESS的斜拉桥病害数据库系统开发

针对目前高速公路桥梁管理系统无法对悬索桥、斜拉桥的上部、下部结构的重点部位提供病害管理的情况,依据斜拉桥桥梁养护检测中的病害特点及类型,利用ACCESS工具开发出斜拉桥病害数据库,提供病害录入、查询、统计、分析等功能,解决了斜拉桥重点部位病害动态管理的问题.     

高液限土在路堤填筑中的改良应用

综合处理应用高液限土进行公路建设,可以避免过大的增加工程造价及保证路基的强度和稳定性,结合广西等地区在这方面的实践情况,介绍了利用隔离排水、掺粗粒土、土石混填等方法综合改良高液限土进行路基填筑的经验,分析探讨其可行性,为今后相似情况下的设计或施工提供一定的借鉴。     

Assessing the technical efficiency, service effectiveness, and technical effectiveness of the world’s railways through NDEA analysis

This paper presents an approach to include both the unstorable feature of transportation service and the technological differences within railway companies in efficiency and effectiveness measurements. We explore efficiency and effectiveness for a group of 40 global railways in the year 2002, using traditional data development analysis (TDEA) and network data development analysis (NDEA). Comparing the results obtained from the NDEA model with those from the TDEA indicate that performance measures are quite different in terms of the magnitude, and even using different DEA type models to evaluate railway system performance does not distort the ranking of their performance. We also analyze the inter-related effects among three performance measures, finding that transportation service characteristics have positive effects on the evaluation of performance. Generally speaking, the NDEA model provides deeper insight regarding the sources of inefficiency and process-specific guidance to railway managers so as to help them improve their railway’s performance.     

盾构隧道预应力管片的两维有限元数值模拟与分析

针对预应力混凝土管片这一新型的盾构隧道衬砌结构进行了模型试验研究,介绍了利用有限元方法进行模拟计算的过程,采用不同的接头力学模型对其整环试验进行了两维模拟,在与试验结果分析比较的基础上,得出合适的模型参数,为预应力管片用于设计和施工奠定了基础。     

混凝土结构耐久性影响及解决措施

提高混凝土自身的耐久性能,有效地阻止腐蚀性介质的渗入,是解决混凝土结构耐久性的前提和基础。混凝土的耐久性主要取决于混凝土的材料组成,其中水灰比、水泥质量、强度等级均对耐久性有较大影响影响。因此,采取合理的结构设计和配筋,选用合格的原材料,设计最佳的保护层厚度及有效地控制混凝土结构开裂的措施,都将有效地提高混凝土结构的耐久性。