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251.
分析了传统的合理最低评标价法的利弊,探讨与论证了新兴的合理定价评审抽取法在农村公路建设中的运用和发展。在农村公路建设招标活动中不断摸索和实践的合理定价评审抽取法,维护了公开、公正和公平的基本原则,实现了建设项目经济效益和社会效益的利润最大化。 相似文献
252.
Construction of diaphragm wall panels may cause considerable stress changes in heavily overconsolidated soil deposits and can induce substantial ground movement. The 3D Lagrangian method was adopted to model the mechanical response of ground, including horizontal normal stress and shear stress, lateral ground displacement and vertical ground surface settlement, during the slurry trenching and concreting of diaphragm wall panels. Numerical results show that slurry trenching leads to horizontal stress relief of ground, reducing the horizontal stress of the ground from initial K0 pressure to hydrostatic betonite pressure. Wet concrete pressure lies between the hydrostatic bentonite pressure and the initial K0 pressure, so it can compensate partially the horizontal stress loss of the ground adjacent to the trench and thus reduce the lateral movement of the trench face as well as the vertical settlement of the ground surface. 相似文献
253.
Based on published reports and direct observation, the common resources of landscape plant species in the Shanghai area were
identified and studied in terms of the landscape characteristics of timing sequence changes over a one year time period. The
results showed that there were 199 common landscape plant species in Shanghai, distributed in 67 families and 129 genera.
These plants were categorized by three ornamental characteristics: flowers, foliage and fruits. The species were thus further
analyzed according to the time periods which these characteristics were present. The results showed that flower ornamental
distributed throughout the year, particularly from April to June, and plant species with colorful foliage could be seen every
month, and particularly in November and December. On the other hand, few plant species with fruit ornamentals were observed
in Shanghai area. The diversity of landscape timing sequence changes of the 199 plant species under examination was then analyzed
by using the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson index formulas. The results showed that the higher diversity was observed in January,
February and from August to October, while the lowest diversity was recorded from March to July and during November and December.
The diversity of landscape characteristics of these plants was ranked according to foliage, flowers and fruit. Using this
method, one park and one plant community were selected to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of their time-changing
plant landscape, with the goal of assessing the validity of the chosen ranking method. These results in the present study
would be helpful to evaluate the plant landscape in a specified space and further enrich the diversity of plant and landscape
by a target-oriented way. 相似文献
254.
As an army main battle equipment, it is required that the tank should have high firing accuracy and high first round hit probability during marching. The initial disturbance of the projectile is the premier factor that takes effect on the marching fire accuracy of the tank. And the marching fire accuracy of the tank depends on the launch dynamics behaviors of the tank. In this paper, the launch dynamics theory of a tank marching fire is studied, and its launch dynamics model is established. Based on the transfer matrix method for multibody system(MSTMM) and the automatic deduction theorem of overall transfer equations, the overall transfer equation and the overall transfer matrix of a tank multibody system are deduced; the launch dynamics equations of the tank marching fire are deduced, and the dynamic response of the tank system, the motion of projectile in barrel, the initial disturbance of the projectile and the vertical target dispersion are exactly simulated; meanwhile, the results of simulation are verified by tests. This work provides both theoretical foundation and simulation approaches for improving the marching fire accuracy of the tank. 相似文献
255.
256.
Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J. Zhang Z. G. Yu T. Raabe S. M. Liu A. Starke L. Zou H. W. Gao U. Brockmann 《Journal of Marine Systems》2004,44(3-4):189
Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, PO43− and SiO32−) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail. 相似文献
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根据5节编组的100%低地板轻轨车辆连接铰型式和受力特点,建立了车体的静力平衡方程组,推导出了连接铰受力的解析表达式.采用EN 12663规范,使用有限元分析软件,校核了固定铰上铰的静强度和疲劳强度. 相似文献