纤维混凝土在港口码头工程中的应用

混凝土龟裂是港口工程质量的通病。以常熟兴华港二期工程码头面层施工为例,介绍通过在混凝土中掺入聚丙烯纤维的作用机理和功能,改善混凝土性能的效果。实践表明,该方法在克服面层龟裂方面具有较好的作用。     

Creep Life Prediction of Alloy 718 for Automotive Engine Materials

This study was carried out to investigate the creep life at the high temperature of the Alloy 718 for automotive engine components using the initial strain parameter method (ISPM). Creep tests have performed at elevated temperatures in the range of 550 oC to 700 oC in this work. We also carried out constant stress creep tests. The initial strains were measured during 1 minute after loading. Both the creep stress and rupture time depend on the initial strain. We calculated the creep life of Alloy 718 by using the creep life prediction equations obtained from the ISPM. Then, we compared the creep life predicted by the ISPM to the Larson-Miller parameter (LMP). The experimental rupture time and the calculated rupture time by using the ISPM agreed with a confidence level of 95 %. The creep life predicted by using the ISPM was in very good agreement with the creep life predicted using the LMP method.     

Improving the predictiveness of the quasi-d combustion model for spark ignition engines with flexible intake systems

Fast and predictive simulation tools are prerequisites for pursuing simulation based engine control development. A particularly attractive tradeoff between speed and fidelity is achieved with a co-simulation approach that marries a commercial gas dynamic code WAVE™ with an in-house quasi-dimensional combustion model. Gas dynamics are critical for predicting the effect of wave action in intake and exhaust systems, while the quasi-D turbulent flame entrainment model provides sensitivity to variations of composition and turbulence in the cylinder. This paper proposes a calibration procedure for such a tool that maximizes its range of validity and therefore achieves a fully predictive combustion model for the analysis of a high degree of freedom (HDOF) engines. Inclusion of a charge motion control device in the intake runner presented a particular challenge, since anything altering the flow upstream of the intake valve remains “invisible” to the zero-D turbulence model applied to the cylinder control volume. The solution is based on the use of turbulence multiplier and scheduling of its value. Consequently, proposed calibration procedure considers two scalar variables (dissipation constant C _β and turbulence multiplier C _M ), and the refinements of flame front area maps to capture details of the spark-plug design, i.e. the actual distance between the spark and the surface of the cylinder head. The procedure is demonstrated using an SI engine system with dual-independent cam phasing and charge motion control valves (CMCV) in the intake runner. A limited number of iterations led to convergence, thanks to a small number of adjustable constants. After calibrating constants at the reference operating point, the predictions are validated for a range of engine speeds, loads and residual fractions.     

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis

To evaluate the clinical outcome, effectiveness and safety of the surgical management of traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with short segmental instrumentation fixation. A retrospective review of a consecutive series of 24 patients with traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with TLIF procedure was carried out. Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring was used to confirm the peripheral neural function intact during the reduction of the spondylolisthesis. Preoperative clinical and radiographic evaluation of all cases were originally collected prospectively. Data regarding blood loss, operative time, duration of hospital stay, radiographic fusion, instrumentation failure and clinical result were collected and observed at regular follow-up periods. All patients were engaged in high-energy accidents in the lower back and 16 patients had concomitant injuries. The mean operative time was 124 min, mean blood loss was 350 mL, and mean hospital stay was 6.5 days. There were no complications such as incision infection, cerebrospinal fluide (CSF) leakage and nerve root injury and so on. All patients demonstrated a solid lumbar interbody fusion within 4 months, and no evidence of spondylolisthesis correction loss, instrumentation failure and loosing. They all were completely asymptomatic, with normal neurologic findings, and had resumed their previous level of physical activities on the final follow-up. Meticulous clinical examination and careful imaging assessment could assist an early diagonosis in cases of traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis. Performing open reduction and the TLIF procedure as soon as possible could restore segmental stability and painless function. The TLIF procedure was a safe, effective technique to treat traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis.     

试论水运建设工程质量目标的构建与实现

结合施桥三线船闸工程实例,从质量目标的确立,质量保证体系的建立等方面分析构建质量目标的实现路径,探讨工程质量的过程监控,创优载体的设立以及环境的营造等,以促进船闸工程的全面创优。     

减小无机结合料稳定材料基层沥青路面收缩裂缝的措施和方法

无机结合料稳定材料基层常被称为半刚性基层,为我国目前使用最广泛的路面基层类型。但无机结合稳定材料基层存在着一个较大缺点:因其本身容易产生收缩裂缝,故使路面形成反射裂缝。该文通过分析无机结合料稳定材料收缩裂缝的成因,提出了减少无机结合料稳定材料收缩裂缝的方法,以及如何减少无机结合料稳定材料收缩裂缝反射到路面的方法,为实际工程提供参考。     

Model-based design of a variable nozzle turbocharger controller

Variable Nozzle Turbocharger (VNT) was invented to solve the problem of matching an ordinary turbocharger with an engine. VNT can harness exhaust energy more efficiently, enhance intake airflow response and reduce engine emissions, especially during transient operating conditions. The difficulty of VNT control lies in how to regulate the position of the nozzle at different engine working conditions. The control strategy designed in this study is a combination of a closed-loop feedback controller and an open-loop feed-forward controller. The gain-scheduled proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller was implemented as the feedback controller to overcome the nonlinear characteristic. As it is difficult to tune the parameters of the gain-scheduled PID controller on an engine test bench, system identification was used to identify the plant model properties at different working points for a WP10 diesel engine on the test bench. The PID controller parameters were calculated based on the identified first-order-plus-dead-time (FOPDT) plant model. The joint simulation of the controller and the plant model was performed in Matlab/Simulink. The time-domain and frequency-domain performances of the entire system were evaluated. The designed VNT control system was verified with engine tests. The results indicated that the real boosting pressure traced the target boosting pressure well at different working conditions.     

运用灰色理论预测隧道变形的探讨

隧道变形监测对于隧道的安全有着重要的作用.运用灰色理论GM模型对其变形数据进行预测分析,发现灰色理论对隧道的变形有一定的预测效果,同时了解到不同样本数据其预测精度存在差异.为此,提出使用二次拟合参数法对其进行改进,得出二次拟合参数法对低精度的预测模型有一定的改进效果,而对于较高精度的预测模型效果并不显著.     

温差能驱动的水下滑翔机工作过程数值模拟

将焓法模型稍做变换后,用于求解温差能驱动水下滑翔机动力装置的相变过程,将温度场与液相分数场解耦,液相分数值由温度场确定.引入有效热导率来表示液相对流对相变过程的影响,计算结果与实验值吻合.对几种不同性质的材料进行了数值模拟分析,分别计算了比相变温度高5℃和10℃温差下,量纲一的量相界面的移动规律、液相分数随时间的变化情况,以及相变材料储能速率.结果表明,外界环境温度在5～30℃范围内,十六号凝胶性能优于其他材料.此外,以十六号凝胶为贮能材料,研究了对流换热系数、储能容器半径对相变过程的影响.     

串联式混合动力公交车的参数选择

根据城市公交车的工作特点,对串联式混合动力公交车动力系统主要部件发动机、电动机、电池组等,提出了选择和设计原则,实现优化匹配,提高动力性、燃油经济性以及降低排放性能.