沥青稳定碎石疲劳性能关键影响因素分析

为了确定影响沥青稳定碎石基层疲劳性能的关键因素,基于ATB25与ATB30两种密集配沥青稳定碎石混合料,选择9种集料级配、3种沥青,以13种混合料试件的10项材料试验数据为参考列,以沥青稳定碎石疲劳方程中的k值与n值为比较列,进行影响沥青稳定碎石疲劳性能的灰熵分析,得到不同参数对沥青稳定碎石疲劳性能影响的显著程度,并在此基础上运用对应分析的统计学研究方法对相关结论进行统一.研究结果表明:沥青混合料的沥青饱和度、油石比这两项因素是影响沥青碎石稳定基层疲劳性能的最关键因素;沥青饱和度影响着沥青体积百分率和矿料间隙率,而油石比的变化会导致沥青饱和度和沥青膜厚度随之变化,从而显著影响沥青混合料的疲劳寿命.     

High accuracy NURBS interpolation for five-axis machine of table-rotating/spindle-tilting type

In this paper, the definition of NURBS curve and a speed-controlled interpolation in which the feed rate is automatically adjusted in order to meet the specified chord error limit were discussed. Besides those, a definition of linear interpolation error of post-processed data was proposed, which should be paid more attention to because it will not only reduce quality of the surface but also may cause interference and other unexpected trouble. In order to control the error, a robust algorithm was proposed, which successfully met a desired error limit through interpolating some essential CL data. The excellence of the proposed algorithm, in terms of its reliability and self-adaptiveness, has been proved by simulation results.     

Inter-annual variability of hypoxic conditions in a shallow estuary

Water quality data from two monitoring programs in the Pamlico River Estuary (PRE) were analyzed for dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, temperature, and nutrient concentrations. Data were collected bi-weekly at 8 stations from 1997 to 2003 by East Carolina University and continuously at three stations from 1999 to 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey. Hypoxic conditions were observed mostly in the upper to middle estuary, but the frequency of hypoxic events varied between years. During June to October in 1997–1999 (referred to as the oxic summers) bottom water hypoxia (DO < 2 mg l^− 1) was found in 8.7% of the observations. By contrast, during June to October in 2001–2003 (referred to as the hypoxic summers), 37.9% of the total measurements had DO concentrations less than 2 mg l^− 1. The more frequent and/or prolonged hypoxic conditions during the hypoxic summers were closely associated with stronger salinity stratification and greater loadings of nutrient and particulate matter.Salinity stratification appeared to be governed by patterns of freshwater discharge, and frequency of wind mixing events. The “oxic” summers were characterized by continuous low freshwater inflow (except one extremely high flow event due to hurricanes), stronger northeastward wind, and more frequent wind mixing events. In contrast, the hypoxic summers were characterized by frequent moderate freshwater inflow events, and fewer wind mixing events.The greater loadings of nutrient (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate) and particulate matter during the hypoxic summers were primarily due to higher river discharges. At the head of the PRE, no significant differences were found in concentrations of nutrient and particulate nitrogen between the oxic and the hypoxic summers. In addition, chlorophyll a concentrations were averaged above 30 μg l^− 1 (maximum 167 μg l^− 1) during the hypoxic summers, significantly higher than those during the oxic summers (averaged around 15 μg l^− 1).     

基于地层结构法的傍山路段棚洞结构设计

受线形、地形地貌等因素的影响,山区公路的傍山路段不可避免地要形成高边坡或偏压隧道,为减小地质灾害,最大限度地保护自然生态环境,棚洞结构是一个很好的选择。与普通明洞结构不同,棚洞结构受力比较复杂,不仅承受回填偏压荷载,还要不同程度地受人工边坡的影响。为深入研究边坡对棚洞结构的影响,提出了采用基于地层结构法的傍山路段棚洞结构设计,应用有限元软件动态模拟了棚洞施工的全过程,重点分析了不同应力释放率（0～50%）的荷载作用于棚洞时的结构内力及变形特征。     

硅藻土改性沥青胶浆高温性能评价

采用常规指标试验和不同温度下的高温动态剪切（DSR）试验,分析了硅藻土掺量对改性沥青高温性能的影响。试验结果表明：加入硅藻土后沥青胶浆的高温抗车辙能力明显提高,温度敏感性显著降低;随着硅藻土掺量增长,高温性能先提高后降低,合理掺量为11％-13％;常规指标不适合用于评价硅藻土改性沥青高温性能。     

桥面板防渗作用对钢筋混凝土桥梁耐久性的影响

桥面板渗漏是混凝土内部钢筋锈蚀的主要原因．对桥梁的耐久性危害较大。文章通过对桥面板渗漏现象的实地调查，分析了影响桥面板渗漏的因素，提出提高桥面板耐久性的对策与建议。     

船舶电站管理装置的设计

船舶电站管理系统是保证船舶正常航行的重要设备之一,随着船舶自动化要求的日益提高,设计船舶电站的自动化和智能化管理系统成为必然趋势,在实际应用中具有重大现实意义.文中介绍了基于嵌入式的电站管理装置的基本原理和船舶电站基本功能的实现方法.     

论轿车白车身轻量化的表征参量和评价方法

对轿车白车身轻量化的内涵、表征方法、评价参量进行了综合评述,提出了一种评价轻量化工作成效的指标--轻量化指数,探讨了轻量化设计的实施方法,并论述了汽车零部件的性能和材料性能参量之间的关系.     

沥青混合料的半圆弯拉与小梁三点弯拉对比试验

通过沥青混合料的半圆弯拉与小梁三点弯拉试验,分别得到了在2种试验方法下的沥青混合料力学强度、断裂韧性和疲劳寿命.结果表明沥青混合料的半圆弯拉强度与小梁三点弯拉强度比近似等于1;半圆弯拉试验得到的断裂韧度和延性断裂韧度比小梁三点弯拉试验得到的都要大;半圆弯拉疲劳试验得到的疲劳寿命比小梁三点弯拉疲劳试验得到的小.同时依据变异系数,表明半圆弯拉试验的变异性最小.因此,用半圆弯拉试验表征沥青混合料的力学特性比小梁三点弯拉试验较优越.     

复合型基层沥青路面基层类型系数取值讨论

对现行沥青路面设计规范中基层类型系数取值的合理性进行了分析,指出当基层由刚性基层向柔性基层过渡时Ab取值与基层厚度缺乏有效关联,通过理论推导建立了基层类型系数与基层厚度的回归关系式,使Ab取值符合复合型基层厚度的变化,较好解决了复合型基层Ab的取值连续性问题.