Analyzing urban bus service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels

Improving the reliability of bus service has the potential to increase the attractiveness of public transit to current and prospective riders. An understanding of service reliability is necessary to develop strategies that help transit agencies provide better services. However, few studies have been conducted analyzing bus reliability in the metropolis of China. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of service reliability based on bus operational characteristics in Beijing. Three performance parameters, punctuality index based on routes (PIR), deviation index based on stops (DIS), and evenness index based on stops (EIS), are proposed for the evaluation of bus service reliability. Reliability involves routes, stops, punctuality, deviation, and evenness. The relationship among the three parameters is discussed using a numerical example. Subsequently, through a sampling survey of bus lines in Beijing, service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels are estimated. The effects of route length, headway, the distance from the stop to the origin terminal, and the use of exclusive bus lanes are also analyzed. The results indicate low service reliability for buses in Beijing and a high correlation between service reliability and route length, headway, distance from the stop to the origin terminal, and the provision of exclusive bus lanes.     

圆形盾构隧道衬砌管片的计算分析

盾构法以其安全、快速等优点在我国地铁隧道施工中得到了越来越广泛的应用,但其施工成本相对较高,其中管片造价占盾构隧道总施工费的30%以上.因此,合理地进行盾构隧道管片设计对于控制工程造价具有举足轻重的作用.文章结合工程实例,从荷载、土层参数等方面,采用当前地铁盾构隧道衬砌管片设计计算普遍采用的(修正)惯用法,对管片受力进行了分析研究,得出了一些有助于管片结构设计的结论.     

转盘式分块组合顶盖胎具的设计与应用

转盘式分块组合顶盖胎具的设计与应用,能降低胎具制作费用,加快新车型上线的时间,并减少胎具存放空间。     

PDM在客车制造业ERP中的地位和作用

通过对PDM功能的理解及PDM与ERP相互关系的阐述。明确PDM和ERP在汽车制造业领域中既是两个相对独立的系统,同时又是密不可分的一个整体,它们在功能的相似性、重复性、关联性,完全可以就是一个系统、一个数据库．PDM实际上就是ERP功能扩展。ERP与PDM一体化集成是当前汽车行业发展的一个大趋势。     

在线检验技术在重卡行业中的应用

工业2025智能智造核心之一为大规模个性化定制产品的柔性协同生产。产品的多样性、差异性给生产检验环节带来了新的课题,如何高效的检验批量差异产品。通过丰富的传感器和摄像头数据采集,系统比对、结果跟踪组成生产在线检验系统。提升了生产环节产品检验效率,保证产品质量和一致性。     

外海超长桩基础施工关键技术研究

港珠澳大桥江海直达船航道桥深水桩基础地质环境复杂,施工难度大,在施工过程中困难重重。通过提前预判分析施工过程的重难点,结合相关施工技术要求,编制了关键技术要点,同时处理了施工过程中遇到的技术难题,在桩基实施过程中取得了良好效果,确保了桩基础工程施工顺利完成。在深海水域的桩基础施工类型中,对相关技术进行了创新,在实施过程中得到了成功的应用。     

一种侧装整体自装卸车的设计

为提高装备的装卸作业效率,满足特种方舱的装卸、运输和存储,实现车对车、车对地的装卸作业,设计一种专用超宽型、侧装式整体自装卸车。根据侧装式整体自装卸车的技术特点和作业情况,按照功能要求、技术指标和使用要求,合理进行运载底盘选型,从副车架、起重装置、液压系统、电控系统和辅助设施方面进行设计,采用Abaqus软件对起重装置进行有限元分析和刚强度校核,对自装卸车的稳定性进行校核。通过运行调试和试验,并对起重装置、液压系统和电控系统动作安全、稳定、可靠性进行考核,各载荷工况和极限作业工况下,均可进行正常装卸作业,各项性能均满足指标要求。此侧装卸车的成功研制,使侧装卸技术得到了创新和改进,有助于扩展思路,提供设计借鉴,拓展侧装车整体自装卸技术的应用范围。     

Decisions on truck parking place and time on expressways: an analysis using digital tachograph data

With the objective of deriving useful insights into measures against traffic congestion at service areas (SAs) and parking areas (PAs) on expressways and ensuring efficient use of SAs/PAs, this study investigated the decisions on where a truck is parked (i.e., choice of an SA or a PA), how long it is parked (i.e., parking time), and their influential factors. To this end, this study used the trajectory data of 1600 trucks recorded in 6-min intervals by in-vehicle digital tachographs on the Sanyo and Chugoku Expressways in Japan from October 2013 to March 2014. First, the aspect of repeated choice of each truck (i.e., habitual behavior) toward a specific SA/PA was clarified. Next, a multilevel discrete–continuous model (Type II Tobit model) was developed to reveal the factors affecting the above decisions. The modeling results confirmed the existence of habitual behavior and showed that trucks were more likely to be parked a longer time at an SA/PA when it is closer to the destination. It appears that truck drivers may adjust their time at the SA/PA close to the destination to comply with the arrival time, which is often predetermined by the owner of the transported goods. Furthermore, the availability of restaurants and shops, and the number of parking spaces available for trucks and trailers are important determinants of parking time, whereas the existence of a convenience store is important to the choice of the SA/PA. Parking experience has an extremely strong positive effect on the parking choice and use. Moreover, increasing the number of parking lots may induce its longer use.