内河水运通道能力与适应性分析

阐述了内河水运通道的涵义,探讨了内河水运通道运输需求预测及通过能力分析方法,并阐述了京杭运河苏北段水运通道能力适应性分析实例,对内河水网地区水运通道的规划建设具有借鉴意义。     

考虑颤振效应的超大型集装箱船极限强度

砰击颤振会威胁船体的总纵强度,本文先依据海况对响应贡献率最大的原则确定计算海况,然后计算得到一艘超大型集装箱船的波浪载荷时历,并采用Weibull、Gumbel以及GEV(Generalized Extreme Value distribution)分布拟合得到载荷短期极值沿船长的分布且校核了目标船的极限强度。本文通过短期极值Weibull、Gumbel分布拟合的结果与载荷的规范计算结果对比,发现有必要在考虑砰击颤振效应下利用波浪载荷直接预报结果校核目标船结构强度。     

扇区空中交通风险态势网络建模与演化特征

为了准确感知空域内空中交通运行态势,提升飞行运行效能,研究了扇区空中交通风险态势的网络建模方法和演化特征,基于实测数据验证了方法的可行性与有效性;在扇区内以活跃航空器为网络节点,依据航空器位置偏差下的冲突关系构建连边,建立空中交通风险态势网络,利用连通分量的概念定义并识别网络内的航空器集群;基于航空器集群特征构建状态向量,进一步划分空中交通风险态势模式;以分类后的态势等级时序为基础,针对各模式的样本进行持续时间分析及建模,讨论了单一态势模式的生存特性与多模式间转移行为的偏好水平;为了验证方法的有效性,以广州管制AR05号扇区的实际数据为样本展开分析。研究结果表明：低风险至高风险模式的生存特性差异明显,平均生存周期分别为82.49、118.11、75.77、90.51 s,中等风险模式是估计生命周期最长且生存率最高的模式;在模式迁移的过程中,集群数目与规模相对简单的风险模式主要表现为前向可达性较高,而回迁及跃迁概率低于0.05;复杂程度较高的风险模式则表现出了较为明显的回迁行为,且概率会随着时间步长的增加(30、60、90、120 s)逐渐趋于稳定。可见,建立的空中交通风险态势网络模型能...     

桥式起重机主梁的模块化和参数化设计技术

以桥式起重机结构特点的分析为基础,结合参数化设计软件的模块化优势,划分桥式起重机主梁的结构模块,提高主要零部件的参数化效率.采用数据库技术对各参数进行管理,在模块化和参数化的设计条件下,探讨从三维参数化模型到实用工程图的自动调整技术.经实际应用验证,该项技术能大幅度提高桥式起重机主梁结构的设计效率和质量.     

储罐机械清洗设备清洗工艺与应用

清洗作业是储罐运行中的一项重要工作,可保证储罐的正常运行。介绍了储罐机械清洗技术工作原理,储罐机械清洗较人工清洗具有显著的优势。介绍了清洗设备主要构成,分析了原油储罐清洗的主要工艺流程。结合吐哈油库20#原油储罐油质的特点和现场具体情况,制定了专项清洗方案,给出此次原油储罐清洗的具体工艺流程。应用上述工艺流程,能够更快更好地满足储罐的清洗要求,节省了人力、物力和财力,创造更多的效益。     

北京地铁奥运支线综合监控系统

综合监控系统是一个功能强大、实用、可扩展的分布式控制系统,集成和互联了多个子系统.以北京地铁奥运支线为背景,对综合监控系统的构成、功能、特点、优势等进行了全面介绍.     

Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities

As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as to the community as a whole. Bicycling now accounts for less than 1 percent of all trips for all purposes in the U.S., but evidence from other western countries suggests that under the right conditions, bicycling levels can be significantly higher. Indeed, the experiences of some U.S. cities suggest that it is possible to create conditions conducive to higher levels of bicycling even in the U.S. However, the extent to which bicycle investments have contributed to bicycling levels in these communities has not been rigorously assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the determinants of bicycle ownership and use as a basis for identifying ways to promote bicycling. A cross-sectional study of six cities was designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual factors and social environment factors, using a nested logit model to examine ownership and use decisions jointly. The results show strong effects of individual attitudes and physical and social environment factors on bicycle ownership and use.     

Mass transit systems of Beijing: governance evolution and analysis

Developing a more efficient mass transit system, in highly populated cities, improves the mobility, decreases the dependency of private cars, alleviates traffic congestion, and provides a more environmentally friendly means of travel. Recently, the city of Beijing decided to have a target of becoming as a ‘public-transport city’ with a fascinating mass transit system within a larger plan, of building humanistic, scientific and technological, and green public-transport systems. This work discusses the governance evolution of the mass transit system of Beijing between 1949–2008, comprised of two groups of transit systems, the road surface public-transport system (bus, tram, trolley, etc.), and the subway public-transport system. In addition, a time-series analysis is introduced in an attempt to examine the effect of governance evolution on the two transit systems, and of the impacts of the governance structural changes on the mass transit system. The time-series model is introduced using the annual statistics data of the period 1949–2008. The outcome of the analysis is viewed with precaution because of the incompleteness of the many endogenous and exogenous factors to affect the public-transport demand. Generally speaking it is concluded that the governance evolution provides beneficial effect of the Beijing mass transit activity; however, for satisfying the significant increase of the Beijing city’s travel demand and maintaining sustainable development, the governance-involvement pattern needs to be reformed.     

Exploring public transport usage trends in an ageing population

An ageing population remains one of the most significant challenges for Western society in the 21st century. Whilst public transport use has attractive sustainability features for older generations there is mixed evidence with regard to trends in travel and public transport use in ageing societies. This paper explores public transport trip rates amongst older age groups using travel survey evidence collected from a household travel survey in Melbourne, Australia for the period 1994 to 1999. A particular aim of the research was to establish trends in trip rates so as to explore the impact of the ageing Baby Boomer generation on travel by public transport. The results suggested that compared to those aged below 60, those aged over 60 years demonstrated 30% lower trip making overall and 16% lower public transport trip rates. Longitudinal trends in trip rates showed those aged over 60 had a very small decline in trip rates by public transport (−0.004 average daily trips per annum) but increasing rates for car trips. A further analysis showed a small but significant increase in longitudinal trip rates of public transport use amongst Baby Boomers (0.004 daily trips p.a., p < .05) while car usage for Baby Boomers was steady. The implication of these findings is that trends in the existing over 60s population are not necessarily going to flow through to behaviour patterns in the Baby Boomer generations. The Baby Boomer age group showed longitudinal trends in travel behaviour which contrasted with those of the existing over 60s generation notably with a trend towards increased public transport usage.