LGF-40自控温热气流加热式沥青灌缝机的设计

通过优化系统结构以及采用PLC进行电气控制,改进了传统沥青灌缝机的加热方式,实现了温度的自动控制。独创的热气流加热方式以及沥青温度的精确控制,使得设备工作时间节省50%,整机能耗节约30%。经多个不同工况使用,结果表明：该机操控灵活,灌缝质量优良。     

柴油机高压及微孔径下燃油雾化特性的数值研究(Ⅰ)——模型参数的选取

为了更精确模拟燃油雾化过程,探求适合超高压及微孔径下的燃油雾化模型,向计算流体力学平台KI-VA-3V中加入了大涡模拟程序及相应的雾化模型,数值研究了在超高压和微孔径条件下不同雾化参数对燃油雾化蒸发过程的影响.结果显示,破碎时间常数B1值对液相和蒸气相浓度有着重要影响,且对不同的湍流模型影响程度不同;随着B1的增加,喷...     

高速公路扩建工程软基隔离墙加固机理的数值分析

为把握新路基荷载作用下隔离墙加固直接方式拼接的拓宽路堤工作性状,建立了二维弹塑性有限元模型.通过有限元数值模拟分析,从加固前后拓宽路堤的沉降、地基土水平位移和竖向附加应力的变化等方面揭示了隔离墙的加固机理,并分析了隔离墙的最佳设置位置.计算结果表明,隔离墙的设置可有效地减小地基土水平位移和竖向附加应力,从而减小新老路基...     

The ambivalence of ridesharing

Ridesharing is quite a popular topic of discussion among transport authority personnel. It is perceived to be a viable alternative to classical modes of transportation, and receives a great deal of political support from transport planners. However, not much objective information is available on ridesharing behaviors. We use travel survey data to study the evolution of the ridesharing market in an urban area. Our study is based on data from four large-scale OD surveys conducted in the Greater Montreal Area (1987, 1993, 1998 and 2003). In the latest survey conducted in Montreal, car passengers were asked to identify the driver who gave them the opportunity to travel in this way. Their answers were classified according to the type of driver; for instance, a member of their household, a neighbor or a co-worker. We use this information to calibrate a model matching car passengers and car drivers belonging to the same household. This will be referred to as IHHR (intra-household ridesharing). Preliminary results reveal that approximately 70% of all trips made by car passengers are the result of IHHR. Furthermore, around 15% of those trips are questionable, in that they were exclusively generated for another individual’s purposes, consequently generating an additional trip for the journey back home. Moreover, this percentage increased over time. Objective data regarding ridesharing and its evolution in an urban area will undoubtedly help decision makers gain a clearer profile of this means of travel and help to realign attitudes on the issue.

The role of paratransit: some reflections based on the experience of residents’ coach services in Hong Kong

Paratransit refers to urban transport services “somewhere between private passenger transport and conventional public transport in terms of cost and quality of service” [Rimmer (1980), Paratransit: A commentary. Environ. Plan. A 12, 937–944]. Since the 1980s, a new form of paratransit—residents’ coach, which provides exclusive transport services to residents living in private housing estates—has emerged in Hong Kong. What was the background underlying the emergence and subsequent growth of residents’ coach services? Also, what was the role of residents’ coach in the public transport system of Hong Kong? With the completion of more railway extensions, should residents’ coach services be replaced? If so, what are the potential impacts on people’s life? This paper addresses the above research questions through a large-scale questionnaire survey that examined not only people’s modal choice but also their residential choice, socio-economic background and attitudes. The findings suggest that transport policy makers should pay more attention to examine new forms of paratransit and the ways of integrating them into the overall public transport system, both spatially and temporally. It is only through the development of an efficient and multi-modal transport system can the maximum potential of paratransit in filling the transport gap between conventional mass transit and private cars be realized.     

空中目标威胁估计的模糊聚类方法研究

依据雷达工作特点和空中目标的具体情况,建立了描述空中目标威胁特性的共性指标体系,应用模糊聚类分析理论,提出了一种基于模糊动态聚类图来判别空中目标威胁程度的方法,并给出实例分析,以验证方法的可行性和有效性.结果表明,案例分析结论与实际情况吻合.     

客运专线夜间行车与天窗的相互影响分析

客运专线天窗的开设影响夕发朝至列车的运行组织. 考虑高速列车可利用相邻既有线、城际铁路跨线运行,以综合利用运输通道运输能力满足旅客夜间出行需求,本文分析了客运专线开设全线垂直矩形天窗与夜间行车的相互影响,建立了求解最佳矩形天窗位置问题的数学模型,以天窗影响列车OD数最少为目标,以满足夕发朝至列车合理到发时间带为约束,并提出了求解算法. 结合京沪高速铁路实例,运用计算机编程求解,得出不同位置的天窗影响的列车OD数相差不大的结论,并给出动车组速度等级为350km/h和250km/h、速度系数0.9和0.8四种情况下长度为4小时的相对最佳矩形天窗位置. 对受天窗影响的列车提出了运行调整措施,初步分析了开行夕发朝至列车时动车组适宜采取的运行速度.     

交通路网中重型柴油车油耗和排放多层次分析

利用车载尾气检测系统（PEMS）进行北京市交通路网中重型柴油车实时油耗、排放和行驶数据收集,并从微观、中观和宏观三个层次对动态交通网络中的油耗和排放规律及其影响因素进行深入分析. 行驶特征分析表明：重型柴油车在低、中速状态下行驶时间最长;在中速状态下行驶里程最长;同时匀速工况下的行驶时间和里程所占比例最高. 油耗和排放分析表明：重型柴油车（国III）平均油耗水平为18.6L／100km,NOx和PM污染水平分别为4.63g／km和0.087g／km. 其中在微观层次,高速和高加速是引起车辆瞬时高油耗和排放的主要原因;在中观层次,怠速和低速行驶是造成单位距离高油耗和排放的主要原因;在宏观层次,行驶里程是总油耗和排放评估的一个重要影响参数.     

Experimental study of lightweight expanded polystyrene aggregate concrete containing silica fume and polypropylene fibers

We developed a new structural lightweight concrete by totally or partially replacing coarse and fine aggregates in high performance concrete by expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads. In this work,the sizes of EPS bead were 1.0,2.5 and 6.3 mm. Lightweight EPS concretes with a wide range of concrete densities and compressive strengths were successfully developed. Compressive strength,splitting tensile strength,shrinkage,and water absorption were examined. Additionally,fine silica fume (SF) and polypropylene (PP) f...     

Mesh motion approach based on spring analogy method for unstructured meshes

Mesh motion strategy is one of the key points in many fluid-structure interaction problems. One popular technique used to solve this problem is known as the spring analogy method. In this paper a new mesh update approach based on the spring analogy method is presented for the effective treatment of mesh moving boundary problems. The proposed mesh update technique is developed to avoid the generation of squashed invalid elements and maintain mesh quality by considering each element shape and grid scale to th...