Maritime search and rescue: Benefit or burden for society?

Just twenty five years have passed since the International Maritime Organization (IMO) provided the legal and internationally harmonized framework for maritime search and rescue operations. While a number of nations only had to adapt their well-established national services it took great efforts for other nations to develop agencies able to fulfil or outstrip minimum requirements. However, the majority of nations (well aware of the humanitarian nature of that task) have been afraid to cope with this challenge and the related financial burdens since the benefits to local, regional, or even national economies are not always clear to the relevant national administrating authorities.     

Experimental study on frictional and sealing performances of packing rings in an oil-free gas compressor

To enhance the reliability and to extend service life of packing rings, tribological and sealing performances are investigated based on the experimental results. Friction force, leakage rate and power consumption of three materials of pressure packing seals are measured in a refitted vertical gas compressor. The rings are made of common filled polytetrafluroethylene (Filled PTFE), PTFE reinforced with 30% mass fraction carbon fiber (30%CF+PTFE), and carbon-carbon composites infiltrated with PTFE (C/C+PTFE), respectively. It is found that packing rings will periodically vibrate with the periodic vibration of pressure packing after the travel direction of motion abruptly turns to the reverse direction. Furthermore, the amplitude of vibration slows down with the increasing crank angle. Approximate value of friction force is available by multiple-point fast Fourier transformation (FFT) employed to process the experimental results by reducing the impact of vibration to a great extent. Of three materials of rings employed in experiments, Filled PTFE presents minimal leakage rate accompanied with maximum power consumption. And 30%CF+PTFE exhibits minimum friction power and moderate leakage rate. As for C/C+PTFE, its high mechanical and thermal properties are favorable factors to enhance the ability of operating under high pressure and velocity and to improve the wear resistance. Unfortunately, this also leads to a large leakage rate. Comprehensive consideration should be taken into to evaluate the availability, reliability and service life for a type of packing ring under dry running conditions.     

Facility Layout Based on Sequence Analysis： Design of Flowshops

A computer-aided method to design a hybrid layout—tree-shape planar flowlines is presented. In newtype flowshop layout, the common machines shared by several flowlines could be located together in functional sections. The approach combines traditional cell formation techniques with sequence alignment algorithms. Firstly, a sequence analysis based cell formation procedure is adopted; then the operation sequences for parts are aligned to maximize machines adjacency in hyperedge representations; finally a tree-shape planar flowline will be obtained for each part family. With the help of a sample of operation sequences obtained from industry, this algorithm is illustrated.     

高速公路沥青混凝土路面早期坑槽性破坏的预防

对高速公路沥青混凝土路面早期坑槽性破坏的外观现象、诱发原因做了较详细的论述,并提出了预防措施.     

基于节点平衡的牵引变电所故障判定

在牵引变电所发生故障时,只有在准确判断故障性质和位置的基础上才能正确处理故障。本文基于节点平衡思想,提出了一种通过计算机实现牵引变电所故障逻辑判断、准确定位的方法。     

浅议我国农村养老保险存在的问题及对策

养老保险问题是我们面对的越来越现实的问题.由于农村劳动力的转移,计划生育政策的实行等因素,农村的养老问题已凸显在我们面前,在农村家庭养老功能逐渐弱化的趋势下,如何通过法律制度保障老年人的养老问题,成了我们亟待解决的问题.     

基于损伤退化的钢筋混凝土柱参数分析及恢复力模型

为研究钢筋混凝土柱受相关因素对损伤的影响以及建立考虑损伤退化的钢筋混凝土柱恢复力模型,通过6根足尺钢筋混凝土柱,基于拟静力试验研究以复合普通箍筋、复合高强螺旋箍筋、结构连接形式、轴压比等为主要参数钢筋混凝土柱的损伤机理,依据修正的Park-Ang损伤模型建立拟静力损伤指标,提出循环加卸载刚度退化函数.其中,结合构件滞回...     

高速铁路信号系统网络安全与统一管控

为了保障我国高速铁路信号系统的网络安全,从高速铁路信号系统的整体架构出发,对系统所面临的网络安全问题进行了全面的分析,涵盖了分散自律调度集中系统、列车运行控制系统、集中监测系统和GSM-R无线通信系统等.在此基础上,提出了基于软件定义网络(SDN)的高速铁路信号系统网络安全统一管控方案,把分散自律调度集中网络、信号安全数据网和集中监测网络通过软件定义的方式进行管控和隔离,实现了对网络流量的精细控制和统一管理,利用逻辑上统一的控制器实现全局的设备注册管理、安全通信访问控制和网络数据的追踪溯源,从而提高了网络的安全性,减小了网络管理的复杂性.通过分析可知,本文所提出的架构具有逻辑集中管控、统一安全策略、网络可编程等特点,相对于分散管理的网络更适用于高铁信号系统专网的网络安全管理,可以解决我国高速铁路信号系统不同安全等级网络互联和复杂网络安全管控的问题.      

酸性环境干湿循环条件下膨胀土的膨胀特性及微观作用分析

弄清酸雨及干湿循环共同作用下膨胀土的膨胀性能及其微结构与矿物成分的变化,对研究酸雨区膨胀土的基本性质劣化及工程问题意义重大。为此,以广西酸雨重灾区百色原状膨胀土为对象,模拟酸雨(pH=3,5,7)与干湿循环(n=1,2,3,4)两者共同作用的环境,开展了无、有荷膨胀率试验,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、压汞仪(MIP)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了该环境下试样的微结构及矿物成分的演变规律。研究结果表明:酸性环境使试样的膨胀率增大,溶液的pH值越小,膨胀率越大;随干湿循环作用次数的增加,不同溶液环境下试样的膨胀率均先增大后趋于稳定,且2次作用后的增幅最大;经酸性环境与干湿循环共同作用试样的膨胀率增大更多,溶液pH值为3和5,经2次干湿循环后其膨胀率比pH值为7的分别增长了24.7%和7.9%;上覆压力能明显抑制试样膨胀率的增长,设定测试压力越大,该值下降越显著。酸性环境与干湿循环共同作用下膨胀率增大的机理可通过微观结构分析作出解释:酸性环境作用下膨胀土中游离SiO_2,Al_2O_3,K_2O,MgO,CaO等胶结物出现不同程度的溶蚀和淋滤,削弱了叠聚体结构间的联结作用,使面面叠聚结构的排列趋于分散,微孔隙体积及数目不断增大,同时遭受干湿循环作用后,土中微孔隙加速发育,土颗粒与溶液水间化学反应更剧烈,致使其膨胀变形进一步增大。因此,酸雨重灾区的膨胀土工程建设,必须考虑酸性环境与干湿循环共同作用造成的膨胀土基本性质劣化的不利影响。