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101.
Ramsis眼点在汽车设计中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ramsis系统能根据不同参数调整人体模型、从设定的人体模型中提取眼点。介绍了Ramsis眼点的求取方法。以上海大众帕萨特轿车仪表盘可视区的求取为例,比较了使用Ramsis眼点集与使用SAE眼椭圆的区别:指出,SAE眼椭圆是从统计学角度描述驾驶员的眼点位置,而Ramsis眼点则从人体优化的角度描述眼点。 相似文献
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运用机械系统虚拟样机软件ADAMS建立了振动压路机激振器的虚拟样机,并利用其进行了振动压路机起振过程的仿真研究,分析了液压系统压力对启动过程中档销受力及对动偏心块和固定偏心块运动学参数的影响。 相似文献
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高强力复合土工布在软基路堤中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文结合工程实例介绍采用高强力复合土工布处理软土地基路堤的设计、施工与应用效果 相似文献
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Claudio Mazzoleni Hans Moosmüller Hampden D. Kuhns Robert E. Keislar Peter W. Barber Djordje Nikolic Nicholas J. Nussbaum John G. Watson 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2004,9(6):477-496
Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) emission factors (EFs) are measured with a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) during a large-scale vehicle exhaust emissions study in Las Vegas. Particulate matter (PM) EFs are simultaneously measured for individual vehicles with a newly developed PM-VERSS based on ultraviolet backscatter light detection and ranging (Lidar). The effectiveness of CO and HC EFs as proxy for NO and PM EFs for spark-ignition vehicles is evaluated. Poor correlations were found between EFs for pollutants on an individual vehicle basis indicating that high EFs for one or more pollutants cannot be used as a predictor of high EFs for other pollutants. Stronger functional relationships became evident after averaging the EF data in bins based on rank-order of a single pollutant EF. Low overlap between the highest 10% emitters for CO, HC, NO, and PM was found. These results imply that for an effective reduction of the four pollutants, inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, including clean screening, should measure all four pollutants individually. Fleet average CO and HC concentrations determined by gaseous VERSS were compared with fleet average CO and HC concentrations measured at low-idle and at high-idle during local I/M tests for spark-ignition vehicles. The fleet average CO concentrations measured by I/M tests at either idle were about half of those measured by remote sensing. The fleet average high-idle HC concentration measured by I/M tests was about half of that measured by VERSS while low-idle I/M and VERSS HC average concentrations were in better agreement. For a typical vehicle trip, most of the fuel is burned during non-idle conditions. I/M measurements collected during idling conditions may not be a good indicator of a vehicle’s potential to be a high emitter. VERSS measurements, when the vehicle is under a load, should more effectively identify high emitting vehicles that have a large contribution to the mobile emissions inventory. 相似文献
110.
Hub location with flow economies of scale 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A characteristic feature of hub and spoke networks is the bundling of flows on the interhub links. This agglomeration of flows leads to reduced travel costs across the interhub links. Current models of hub location do not adequately model the scale economies of flow that accrue due to the agglomeration of flows. This paper shows that current hub location models, by assuming flow-independent costs, not only miscalculate total network cost, but may also erroneously select optimal hub locations and allocations. The model presented in this paper more explicitly models the scale economies that are generated on the interhub links and in doing so provides a more reliable model representation of the reality of hub and spoke networks. 相似文献