Valuation of externalities through neo-classical methods by including institutional variables

Externalities are uncompensated influences that are not expressed in a market but that affect the production possibilities or the welfare level of third parties. An example is the noise pollution in airport areas. Although air transport is an important source of economic growth and employment in many countries, the social and environmental problems connected with this sector are rising rapidly. Consequently, airports are becoming a matter of concern to many politicians. On what kind of values should they base their decisions as to further growth or consolidation of the current situation? In this paper we discuss two approaches, one based on mainstream, neo-classical, economics, and one based on institutional approaches, more in particular new institutional economics, which can be seen as a development complementary to the mainstream.     

铁路房屋软土地基的处理

文章结合工程实践,对几种软土地基常用的处理方法进行说明,指出深层水泥搅拌桩、深层石灰搅拌桩、砂垫层和砂石垫层换填等方法在施工过程中的注意事项和质量检验标准。     

举水河特大桥钻孔桩基小应变检测分析及施工对策

钻孔桩基础是铁路桥梁建设中最普遍的基础形式,桩基施工的质量好与坏直接影响整个工程的质量和安全,钻孔桩质量检测最常用的方法是小应变法。分析混凝土桩小应变法质量评定的相关问题,对合武铁路举水河特大桥9号墩桩基础的实测曲线进行具体分析,并提出相应的施工对策。     

既有繁忙干线提速200km/h站改信号过渡工程的设计

介绍了在既有浙赣线提速200km／h车站改造工程中，信号过渡工程的设计原则、电路处理方法。     

使用S12MGC实现PSTN到NGN的演进

以S12MGC作为软交换平台，对在网运行的S12交换机增加MGC功能，使设备N时工作于YPSTN和NGN环境中，从而提供了一种PSTN向NGN平滑演进的方案，实现了PSTN和NGN的有效融合，符合下一代网络发展的趋势，有助于保护运行商已有投资。     

对企业营销管理的粗浅看法

企业将生产的产品推向市场并将产品卖给消费者的活动,人们习惯称之为营销.然而在推动产品走向市场营销的背后,隐含着企业的产品构思设计、产品生产、品质管理、工艺管理、产品推销、售后服务的系统过程,对企业营销管理提出一些看法.     

Joint development at transit stations in the United States

Joint development, as the term is generally used in connection with transit systems in the United States, is real estate development that is closely linked to public transportation services and station facilities, and takes advantage of the market and locational advantages provided by them. Research conducted by LEK Associates for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) suggests that, in addition to helping shape urban growth and land development, joint development is also a surprisingly effective means of increasing transit system ridership and farebox revenues, as well as a source of increasingly significant revenues from the sale or lease of air rights.The completion of nine joint development projects in as many different cities, started under the former Urban Initiatives Program, for example, net additional annual ridership might reach 12000000 one-way trips. Net additional annual farebox revenues might reach over $9000000. This added revenue would be sufficient to repay the $62 million combined UMTA/transit operator investment in the nine projects, exclusive of the costs of the basic transit system improvements around which the projects are planned, in less than six years.Among transit authority-administered joint development programs examined in a separate study, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) has had the most success in generating significant value capture income. For example, the cumulative revenue realized by WMATA from just six joint development projects in the Washington, DC region, through September 1983 exceeded $ 6.9 million. Projections through fiscal year 1986 indicate cumulative revenues approximating $ 28 million will be received from developer leases.     

高密度客流集散区域交通应急管理信息系统的建设

分析了高密度客流集散区域交通应急管理的特征和所面临的主要问题,研究了高密度客流集散区域交通应急管理信息系统的系统框架、系统模型和所采用的相关技术,提出了该系统的建设思路。高密度客流集散区域内的交通状况与区域内外的各类影响因素关联度很高,在凸显交通区域化、事件综合性特征的情况下,通过应急管理信息系统要能够实现对人流、车流的控制及引导,以有效地应对和管理区域内的突发事件。     

全电子防溜控制系统在武钢编尾的应用

尾部停车器,作为驼峰编尾的一种防溜设备,在大中型驼峰场得到广泛的应用,它的使用对提高驼峰作业效率及安全性起到很大作用.对武钢五场编尾可控停车器自动控制系统的控制原理及框架结构、设计理念进行介绍,对设备操作管理提出建议.     

FZy-CTC列车占用丢失报警功能的开发

根据铁道部要求FZy-CTC系统增加了列车占用丢失报警功能,对运输指挥起到了较好的指导作用。描述FZy-CTC系统如何抽象该需求,对列车运行轨迹进行逻辑检查,并最终实现列车占用丢失报警功能。