Manoeuvring and hotelling external costs: enough for alternative energy sources?

Local air pollution is the most relevant externality of maritime transport, and its effects are more acute in urban areas as a result of manoeuvring, hotelling and load/unload activities at ports. This article is intended to assess ships’ local air pollution impact in generally densely populated harbour areas to decide whether alternative power supply measures are feasible. First, an optimized infrastructure investment model is developed to ease implementation and maximize the efficiency of alternative power supply projects. Once target harbours and traffic (ship types) within a national port network have been chosen, a vessel traffic analysis (ship type, tonnage, manoeuvring, and hotelling times) is carried out to quantify and evaluate annual polluting emissions (PM_2,5, SO₂, NOx, and VOCs) and their externalities. Finally, the assessment model is applied and results of the Spanish port network case study are discussed. The results obtained are significant and bring the possibility of further controlling the ship’s environmental performance at berth.     

Accompanied versus Unaccompanied Transport in Short Sea Shipping between Spain and Italy: An Analysis from Transport Road Firms Perspective

Short sea shipping (SSS) is called to play a key role in ensuring sustainable mobility in the European context. In the past years several studies tried to define the SSS requirements and also to identify the SSS lines that were economically viable. However, no studies approach the profile of their users—the road transport firms—and the organizational patterns adopted by them, in order to gain a better understanding of this transport modality. This research, on the basis of a sample of 81 international road transport firms that use SSS between Spain and Italy, analyses the profile of these firms and certain elements inherent to their relationship with the shipping firms, according to the two modalities of organizing their SSS transport operations: accompanied versus unaccompanied.     

New procedure to estimate the brake warping in a roller tester

Vehicle systems such as the steering, brakes and suspension greatly influence vehicle safety. Therefore, these systems must be inspected to guarantee that they are functioning correctly and to certify that the vehicle is functioning at a satisfactory safety level. In disc brakes, warping is one of the principal reasons for vibrations and noise, and it contributes to diminished brake efficiency. Currently, the International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee (CITA) demands disc brake warping inspections occur during periodic motor vehicle inspections (PMVIs); however, the procedure to carry out this inspection is not well defined. In this investigation, the warping phenomenon has been analyzed, and a new inspection procedure is proposed.     

测试光网络的突发信号源研究

随着IP业务的增长,光接入网和交换网中的数据业务呈现明显的突发特征,需要一种反映实际突发性的光信号源.本文通过对突发数据包物理特征的分析,提出了一种生成数据包的方法,给出了由均匀分布产生某一概率分布数据包的证明.分析了光调制器件的增益特性,提出改善突发信号质量的二级调制方法,并进行了相关实验,取得了预想的结果.     

近景摄影在隧道新奥法中的应用研究

采用近景摄影的方法, 以获取隧道开挖的实态轮廓线, 从而获得任意断面的超挖、欠挖数据． 另外, 通过前后两次的测摄可获取围岩的变形数据, 利用以上数据可对隧道围岩结构进行受力分析、计算, 也可确定最佳二次衬砌时间．     

Rail freight transport and demand requirements: an analysis of attribute cut-offs through a stated preference experiment

This paper analyses the choice between road and rail in Spain where rail market share for freight is still residual. Discrete choice models are estimated with data obtained through a two-phase fieldwork, thus allowing us to carry out a stated preference efficient design for each interviewee. We analyse the existence of attribute cut-offs and the presence of a segment of the population with a zero value of frequency. Our results show that ignoring the existence of cut-offs and segments of the population with polarised valuations can lead to erroneous conclusions in terms of the possibilities of rail for absorbing significant quota.     

THE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON CARDIOPLEGIC SOLU-TION CONTAINING SELENIUM AND MAGNESIUM AGAINST MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION DAMAGE

MyocardiallschemiaandreperfusiondamagehavebeenstudiedfordecadesandmanyexperimentshavetestifiedthatOFRandoverloadofcalciumincellsarethemajorreasonsofthedamage.Seleniumisakindofactiveantioxidantwhereasmagnesiumisthenaturalantagonistofcalcium.SeleniumandmagnesiumcanreducethemyocardialdamagecausedbyOFRandoverloadofcalciumincells.Themodelbe.lugresearchedinthisarticleissetupbyisolatedperfusionofrat'shearts.ActivityofGPXandSODandquantityofMDA,selenium,magnesiumandcalciumintheliquidcollectedfrom…     

Private funding and management for public interchanges in Madrid

Interchanges are key elements for improving seamless mobility in metropolitan areas where multi-stages trips are increasing. Interchange facilities make transfers short, easy and comfortable, and therefore Public Transport (PT) trips became more attractive and competitive. However, good quality interchanges are rather expensive, especially with regard to construction and operation. The solution launched in Madrid was a public-private scheme where all stakeholders involved play a key role. The first experience was Avenida America Interchange in the border of Madrid CBD, which opened in 2000. The construction was carried out through a Build and Operate and Transfer (BOT) tender. Three public bodies were involved: Municipality, Regional Government and Public Transport Authority. The concessionaire was a company constituted by a transport operator, several construction companies and a national bank. The revenues came from a fee which pays every bus using the facility, some shops, two parking lots, and other business. This positive experience has been extended to the construction of four new interchanges that were inaugurated in the years 2007 and 2008.     

城市轨道车辆电力传动系统及其控制的发展

综述城轨车辆电力传动系统及其控制的发展，指出采用先进的交流传动系统是与电力电子技术、微电子技术及异步电机控制理论的发展分不开的，并介绍了构成主电路所采用的器件与模块，简述了目前在交流传动轨道车辆上所采用的几种控制方法以及对此的一些看法。