Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

二甲醚均质充量压燃发动机燃烧特性试验研究

通过改造一台压缩比为16．5的2-135柴油机,在其上实现DME的HCCI燃烧方式。试验结果表明,DME HCCI发动机不但可以实现无烟燃烧,而且可以有效控制发动机NOx排放,使其接近0排放。在试验负荷范围内,CO排放随负荷增加而降低;HC的排放随负荷变化不大。     

牡蛎壳粉改良膨胀土的工程特性及微观机理研究

为探究固体废弃物牡蛎壳粉对膨胀土工程特性的改良效果,以广西宁明膨胀土为研究对象,对牡蛎壳粉掺量分别为0%,3%,6%,9%和12%的膨胀土开展一系列胀缩特性试验以及干湿循环条件下的直剪试验,并通过SEM试验分析了改良前后膨胀土的微观结构特征。试验结果表明：牡蛎壳粉可有效降低土体的胀缩性,提高土体的黏聚力。土体的自由膨胀率、无荷膨胀率、有荷膨胀率、膨胀力、线缩率等随牡蛎壳粉掺量增加而降低,在牡蛎壳粉掺量为9%时有稳定趋势。牡蛎壳粉掺量为9%时,土体黏聚力达到峰值;所有掺量土体的黏聚力均随干湿循环次数增加而降低,均在干湿循环4次时趋于稳定,且掺牡蛎壳粉土体黏聚力的降低幅度要低于未掺量土体;经历6次干湿循环后,牡蛎壳粉掺量为9%土体的黏聚力相对于未掺量土体增加了42.38%。土体内摩擦角的变化规律性不明显,但整体上掺牡蛎壳粉土体的内摩擦角大于未掺量土体。微观结果显示掺入牡蛎壳粉增强了土体的稳定性,减缓了膨胀土在经历干湿循环后裂隙、孔隙的发育。牡蛎壳粉对膨胀土胀缩特性、强度特性等具有一定的改性效果。研究结果为实现牡蛎壳粉改良膨胀土提供理论基础数据。     

柴油机高速电磁阀驱动特性仿真分析

为了降低电磁阀的功率损耗,确保其长期可靠运转,基于HEUI喷油器,利用Matlab软件对电磁阀PWM控制方式进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,提高线圈电压有助于实现电磁阀快速开启,开启脉冲和PWM占空比决定了不同阶段电流的大小,PWM脉冲频率影响电流的稳定性,几方面的有机调节,可以实现先高后低理想的电流波形。仿真结果为电磁阀的柔性控制提供了可靠依据。     

车用电控LPG发动机爆震控制的研究

为了兼顾不同成分的LPG的爆震特性,研究了一种动态的爆震控制策略。当发动机燃用辛烷值高的LPG时,采用较大的点火提前角;燃用辛烷值低的LPG时,自动减小点火提前角。通过试验验证了在不同点火提前角,不同发动机转速和负荷下的爆震特性。并以3种不同成份的LPG为例验证了此控制策略的有效性。     

优化动力HCCI汽油机的试验研究

采用优化动力(OKP)技术手段,利用进气加热实现了产品4缸汽油机的HCCI燃烧.研究了OKP HCCI汽油机的燃烧、HC排放及燃油消耗等特性,分析了压缩比及过量空气系数对HCCI燃烧的影响,并对SI-HCCI切换过程中HC排放规律进行了试验研究.结果表明,OKP HCCI汽油机能在15个循环内实现SI-HCCI燃烧模式...     

橡胶沥青混凝土的应用技术研究

该文分析了橡胶沥青的作用机理,从胶结料性质、配合比设计、路用性能指标等角度,对普通沥青混凝土与橡胶沥青混凝土进行了对比。结果表明,使用橡胶沥青混凝土可以显著提高路面的路用性能。文章针对目前国内橡胶沥青混凝土使用中存在的一些问题提出了建议,为橡胶沥青混凝土的应用提供了理论依据。     

碾压膨胀土波速变化规律及声波技术应用探讨

针对百色地区膨胀土,利用TH204非金属超声波测试系统,对以最佳含水率和塑限含水率为控制含水率下的碾压膨胀土进行声波测试,得到了等幅度干湿循环作用后的纵波速度的变化规律。试验研究结果表明,随着循环次数的增加,不同控制含水率下碾压膨胀土试件的平均纵波速度呈非线性衰减,其0～1次循环,衰减程度最大。循环幅度对膨胀土的波速衰减有较大的影响,循环幅度越大,纵波速度衰减越大。结合声波技术在岩体材料中的应用,探讨了声波技术在路基膨胀土中的应用问题。     

膨胀土表面裂隙参数数据处理方法研究

利用最小二乘和偏最小二乘回归方法,对比分析了干湿循环作用下膨胀土表面各裂隙参数之间的关系,并导出了相应的公式.结果表明;偏最小二乘回归方法比最小二乘法的拟合参数关系更接近实测值,在自变量具有强相关性的情况下建立的计算模型,更为有效地解决变量间多重共线性问题,对岩土参数问题的分析具有指导意义.     

Comparison of coal-based dimethyl ether and diesel as vehicle fuels from well to wheel in China

With life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, a life cycle model of coal-based vehicle fuels (CBVFs) including coal-based dimethyl ether (CBDME) and coal-based diesel (CBD) is established. Their primary energy consumption (PEC) and global warming potential (GWP) from well to wheel including feedstock extraction, fuel production, fuel consumption in vehicle and energy transportation are calculated and compared. Results show that the life cycle PEC and GWP of CBD pathway are 1.17 and 1.34 times as CBDME pathway. Based on the above results, CBDME will become a choice with great potential to replace conventional petroleum-based diesel (CPBD) in China.