基于微观交通仿真的城市交叉口机动车尾气排放评估

为了更加准确地预测和评估在复杂交通运行状况下机动车的排放,并解决试验测试法耗时费力的问题,建立了城市交通微观仿真模型,在此基础上对武汉市某典型交叉路口进行了案例研究,获得交通高峰期车辆的仿真瞬态行驶工况,将仿真的公交车行驶工况与实测的行驶工况进行对比分析,证明该模型能较真实地反映实际的车辆行驶工况.同时还开发了一个接口,使微观交通仿真模型与IVE排放模型耦合,计算交叉路口机动车的多种尾气排放.针对在不同信号灯控制条件下和不同类型公交站点布置对交叉口车辆排放的影响进行评估和比较,为改善交叉口机动车排放提供决策依据.     

大深度潜水器稳定翼设计方法的研究

论述了大深度潜水器稳定翼外形及布置方式、材料选择及结构型式、外载荷确定方法、动载荷及安全系数的选择、应力计算方法及其强度校核标准等,为我国编制大深度载人潜水器入级和建造规范中稳定翼设计提供依据和研制同类型产品(HOV,ROV,AUV)提供参考.     

拉压杆模型在混凝土斜拉桥索塔锚固区 分析中的应用

该文将拉压杆模型应用到符合桥梁D区特点的斜拉桥索塔锚固区分析中,简化了索塔锚固区的预应力钢束的设计,采用该方法能够快速计算出锚固区的预应力钢束,为后续混凝土斜拉桥的类似设计提供了参考。     

小边跨中承式梁拱组合桥设计

针对一座跨航道的桥梁,介绍其结构体系、构造特点、施工特点,并对结构静力及稳定进行了计算分析,重点介绍了拱脚边界条件处理及吊杆张拉顺序,为小边跨的中承式拱梁组合桥设计提供参考.     

Improving the validity and reliability of authentic assessment in seafarer education and training: a conceptual and practical framework to enhance resulting assessment outcomes

Past literature on authentic assessment suggests that it provides a far more reliable and valid indicator of outcomes such as higher student engagement, ability to transfer skills to different contexts, multiple evidence of competence, and student performance. This has appeal in seafarer education and training where both students and employers increasingly perceive traditional assessment methods as failing to consistently generate these outcomes. However, this paper argues that improving different aspects of assessment validity and reliability is essentially required to enhance the outcomes identified above. The paper builds on and extends previous work to investigate and develop a conceptual and practical framework that promotes a holistic approach to authentic assessment that provides greater assurances of validity and reliability throughout all stages of assessment within seafarer programs. It also lays the path to future research directions by establishing the agenda to test the practicality of the framework in the authentic assessment of seafarer students and also investigate the impact of students’ perception of increasing authenticity on performance scores in assessment tasks.     

下官河大桥飘带形系杆拱设计

下官河大桥是连接千垛菜花景区至李中水上森林公园的一座景观桥梁,主桥采用4跨中承式飘带系杆拱桥。文章简要介绍了主桥的总体布置及各主要结构的设计分析,以期为国内同类桥梁的设计提供参考。     

基于设计波法的舰船整船有限元强度分析

基于谱分析法对舰船剖面波浪载荷进行长期预报并确定设计波参数.利用有限元软件MSC.Patran 建立了全船有限元模型,通过PCL语言实现设计波波浪压力对船体湿表面有限元网格的自动加载.对2个设计波下的整船有限元进行分析,结果表明:整船分析不仅能真实表现舰船整体总纵变形和应力水平,还能充分考虑局部载荷对结构响应的影响.另外,基于三维水动力理论分析船体运动和剖面载荷进而确定设计波参数的过程,克服了传统经验公式估算载荷所导致的结果的不确定性和强度校核的不合理性.     

独柱墩箱梁桥抗倾覆验算及加固设计研究

近些年,我国桥梁上部结构倾覆事故多发,给人民生命和财产安全造成了较大损失。其中,独柱墩桥梁为易出现倾覆事故的典型结构之一。结合《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》（JTG 3362—2018）及《公路危旧桥梁排查和改造技术要求》（交办公路函〔2021〕321号）对桥梁抗倾覆评估验算提出的新要求,对某高速公路独柱墩现浇箱梁桥的抗倾覆能力进行验算评估,同时按照现行车辆荷载标准对桥梁加固前、后墩顶、墩底、墩身控制截面的承载能力极限状态进行验算。根据验算结果和桥梁结构特点,采用桥墩新增钢盖梁和横向增加支座、桥台处梁端新增抗拔销的加固方式,从而提高桥梁抗倾覆能力。目前桥梁加固施工已完成,运营状况良好。     

A microscopic simulation model for merging control on a dedicated-lane automated highway system

The automated highway systems (AHS) are not designed as stand-alone transportation facilities. Drivers will by necessity drive from their origins to the AHS entrance, and from the AHS exit to their final destinations. Therefore, the AHS will affect other transportation facilities, and should be integrated with all other facilities in the transportation system. Interfaces create much of the congestion for today’s transportation systems. Likewise, AHS interfaces may cause a similar problem, due to either AHS interactions with conventional systems or internal limitations from AHS merging capabilities. If these problems exist, either the AHS or the conventional road network cannot function properly. Consequently, the system as a whole may break down and the AHS could potentially become a detriment to the overall transportation system.Clearly, not enough is known about the automated merging process to determine what conditions would lead to congestion at interface points. The current macroscopic analysis techniques assume parameters that are not applicable to an AHS, and no detailed AHS merging models have been developed and validated. This paper addresses the interface problem between an AHS, and conventional roadway. Specifically, it presents a microscopic simulation model for one scenario of the automated merging maneuver. The results of the model show that for low flows and conventional highway speeds, an one-lane AHS merging section with a dedicated automated entrance ramp has many similar characteristics as a two-lane conventional freeway with or without fixed-time ramp metering. However, when the conventional freeway starts to “break down” near its capacity, the AHS continues to perform with little delay. The model also validates that the minimum ramp length requirements are a function of the merging vehicle’s speed, the mainline vehicles’ speed, and the acceleration and deceleration rates of the merging vehicle.     

承台大体积混凝土里表温差梯度与温差应力有限元模拟

针对大体积混凝土因水化热引起的早期开裂问题, 以内蒙古老山沟公路大桥承台为依托, 建立了大体积混凝土三维有限元模型, 分析了粉煤灰掺量、浇筑温度、环境温度与养护措施对承台中心温度、里表温差与表面拉应力的影响。模拟结果表明: 混凝土表面拉应力随粉煤灰掺量增大而减小, 当掺量超过30%时, 降幅增大, 中心温度、里表温差和表面拉应力均随其掺量增大而减小, 可见掺加粉煤灰可有效降低混凝土水化热, 防止表面温差裂缝的产生; 当浇筑温度从5℃到30℃变化时, 中心最高温度从40.3℃升至58.1℃, 里表最大温差从8.6℃升至19.0℃, 表面最大拉应力从0.93 MPa升至1.66 MPa, 且随浇筑温度的增大, 中心最高温度和里表最大温差产生的时间有所提前, 表面拉应力呈线性增大趋势; 里表温差和表面拉应力都随环境温度增大而减小, 且表面拉应力与环境温度基本呈线性关系; 养护条件越好, 里表温差越小, 表面拉应力明显降低, 且前期表面拉应力增速减慢, 峰值出现时间推迟, 有利于裂缝控制。