贵溪大桥水中承台钢套箱避水施工技术

该文以贵溪大桥水中承台施工为例,较详细地介绍了钢套箱的设计及避水施工技术。其中详细阐述了钢套箱避水施工中的难点和重点,钢套箱的设计、作用和施工各环节的具体操做。     

扭转梁悬架碳纤维复合材料横梁结构优化

鉴于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)轻质高强的特点,本文中将某乘用车扭转梁悬架原钢质横梁用碳纤维复合材料替代,并进行结构优化设计。首先,通过碳纤维增强复合材料层合板力学性能试验获得材料力学参数,建立悬架扭转梁有限元模型,并对扭转梁中的碳纤维复合材料横梁截面进行改进设计。在此基础上,综合考虑横梁质量、刚度和工艺约束,对CFRP横梁进行铺层厚度、角度和铺层顺序的多层次优化。优化后,在满足各项性能指标的情况下,碳纤维增强复合材料横梁比原钢质横梁轻量79.34%,取得显著的轻量化效果。     

超速行为干预措施研究现状及发展趋势

为了提出能够有效遏制超速行为的干预措施,明确已有超速行为干预措施的实际效果、适用条件、优缺点及结合措施效果,对该领域内相关文献进行了系统性综述。根据系统性综述和元分析首选报告准则（PRISMA）,将超速行为及其干预措施作为关键词,分别从11个电子数据库中搜索与超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志和智能超速干预系统相关文献,通过构建文献质量评价指标体系对这些文献进行评估,筛选出101篇相关文献,并对其研究结果进行了叙述性地综合分析。研究结果表明：超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志及智能超速干预系统具有不同程度的超速干预效果,且受一些道路交通环境条件及人为因素的影响。具体地,对于超速抓拍系统,区间式超速抓拍系统的干预效果最好,而移动式超速抓拍系统最差;对于反超速宣传,户外广告的超速干预效果最好,但印刷类广告作用不大;对于超速警告标志,超速张贴标志具有较显著的干预效果;警告型动态速度显示标志的超速干预效果优于标准型动态速度显示标志;对于智能超速干预系统,强制型智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最佳,自愿型智能超速干预系统效果最差;对于结合措施,多数结合措施较单个措施的超速干预效果更好。总体而言,超速抓拍系统和智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最好,超速警告标志次之,反超速宣传效果较差,结合措施可增强干预效果。上述结果可为超速行为干预措施的选择或提出奠定理论基础。针对已有超速干预措施的局限性及影响因素尚不明朗的问题,后续研究需优化试验或调查方案,进一步探究超速干预措施的效果及影响因素,并基于大数据（如车辆轨迹、视频数据）提出新的干预措施。     

浅谈市政工程中小桥设计问题

随着我国城市化建设的快速发展,越来越多的城市高架桥梁、轨道交通、下穿隧道等市政交通项目应运而生,而这些新增交通项目与现状地面道路、河道以及市政管线等构筑物的空间冲突,导致城市中小桥梁建设的形式也越来越丰富。如何合理地解决市政工程中小桥设计中遇到的问题,结合工程设计实例提了几点相应的解决思路。从造价、经济、使用管养安全等角度,确定合适的管线过桥组合方案;对于处于平面交叉口处的变宽桥梁,应综合考虑美观、经济、实施简单等方面确定最合理的设计方案;与地下工程有关联的市政工程中小桥需沟通多部门,进行多方面的充分论证。     

Virtual prototype simulation on underwater hydraulic impingement shovel

The virtual prototype technology is applied to the design of the hydraulic impingement shovel, which is to increase the reliability of the design. The work principle of hydraulic impingement shovel is expatiated, and its dynamic equations are established. The 3D model of virtual prototype is built by PRO/E. Then the couple between the mechanical body of prototype and the hydraulic system is completed by virtue of ADAMS. Finally, the simulation is made on the virtual prototype. The simulation results show that the design of underwater hydraulic impingement shovel is rational. The virtual prototype technology could lay sound foundation of successful manufacturing of physical prototype for the first time and offer highly effective and feasible means for the design and production of underwater equipments.     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

Using a SVM to evaluate damage to vibration isolators in an elastic raft system

Predicting damage to vibration isolators in a raft experiencing heavy shock loadings from explosions is an important task when designing a raft system. It is also vital to be able to research the vulnerability of heavily shocked floating rafts unreliable, especially when the allowable values The conventional approach to prediction has been or ultimate values of vibration isolators of supposedly uniform standard in a raft actually have differing and uncertain values due to defective workmanship. A new model for predicting damage to vibration isolators in a shocked floating raft system is presented in this paper. It is based on a support vector machine（SVM）, which uses Artificial Intelligence to characterize complicated nonlinear mapping between the impacting environment and damage to the vibration isolators. The effectiveness of the new method for predicting damage was illustrated by numerical simulations, and shown to be effective when relevant parameters of the model were chosen reasonably. The effect determining parameters, including kernel function and penalty factors, has on prediction results is also discussed. It can be concluded that the SVM will probably become a valid tool to study damage or vulnerability in a shocked raft system.     

基于AIS大数据耦合分析的沿海港口泊位利用率研究*

针对我国沿海港口能力供给水平数据跟踪方面长期存在的时效性差、人为统计过程中易出现错漏等诸多问题,分析传统泊位通过能力统计失真的具体原因,提出将泊位利用率作为评价港口服务水平的表征指标,依托地理信息系统(GIS)平台和基于船舶自动识别系统(AIS)等数据耦合的空间拓扑分析,综合考虑空间关系、航速特征、经留时间等影响因素,研发基于AIS大数据的泊位利用率算法模型,并以上海港2019年集装箱泊位利用率为例进行算法验证。结果表明,所提出的泊位利用率算法模型是可信的;提供了一种能够反映客观实际、定量分析判断港口服务水平的技术手段,可为政府部门长期动态监测港口能力与运输需求互动平衡关系,支撑政府部门决策港口发展重点和建设时序,避免空间资源浪费、重复建设、能力过剩等问题提供技术支撑。     

电动汽车PCU系统功能安全开发及测试方法研究

PCU系统作为电动汽车整车上的关键电控系统,其功能安全技术水平直接影响整车安全。本文基于某款混动车型搭载的PCU系统的功能安全V模型开发过程,从整车层面给出了相关项定义、危害分析和风险评估、安全目标、功能安全要求、技术安全要求,并在V模型开发右侧以故障注入测试为例给出了功能安全验证和确认方法示例,为开展PCU系统功能安全正向开发提供借鉴和参考。