新型天然气运输船现状与展望

针对天然气市场的发展态势和海上天然气运输过程存在的问题,指出采用液化天然气( LNG)船的主流运输方式的不足.介绍了小型LNG船、压缩天然气(CNG)船、天然气水合物(NGH)船、罐式集装箱船和滚装船等不同的运输方式,对其技术特点进行分析和比较.利用新型天然气运输船舶可以扩大天然气供应区域,增加消费量,具有广阔的市场前景.     

沿海港口发展环境及适应性分析

立足于国际经贸环境、中国国民经济以及中国对外贸易发展和产业布局调整的最新形势,分析当前全国沿海港口发展的阶段性特点及面临的宏观环境。提出码头评估能力的概念,客观分析港口吞吐量统计数据的构成,就沿海港口评估能力与运输需求的总体适应性、分区域适应性、发展结构适应性以及与产业布局适应性进行探讨,提出问题及建议,展望港口发展态势。     

汽车前照灯水汽凝聚现象的瞬态CFD预测

汽车前照灯光品质是衡量汽车照明系统安全性的一项重要指标.通过商用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件Star-CCM+对汽车前照灯内部的流动情况、热力学特性以及起雾/除雾过程进行了模拟.研究表明,雾层厚度与分布主要与湿度、流动条件以及换热条件相关.探索了完整的大灯起雾仿真...     

基于特征熵权与样本加权的大跨桥梁多车道交通荷载聚类模型

为满足交通流荷载作用下大跨桥梁结构评估的需要,研究了基于荷载参数特征的交通流状态划分方法。首先,基于实测交通流数据,按照车道属性统计分析得到交通流的单位小时特征参数样本,选择单位小时内车型比例、车头间距及交通流速度作为交通流状态划分的参考特征;其次,改进经典k-means聚类算法以增强其对高维、复杂交通流荷载分类的鲁棒性,即通过引入特征熵值来表征各特征参数对聚类效果的重要性,同时计算样本点与周围样本点的接近程度来赋予样本点权值,以削弱样本离散性对聚类质量的不利影响;最后,通过聚类算法得到11种具有不同参数特征的交通流荷载,分析了其作用下某大跨斜拉桥拉索应力响应及造成的疲劳损伤。结果表明：改进算法的聚类质量指标比原始k-means算法提高了40%以上,对交通流状态划分具有良好的适用性;通过算法得到的不同类别的交通流荷载的特征参数差异性明显,其占有率也大不相同,同一类别的交通流荷载各样本特征参数聚拢效果良好;同车道内不同类别的交通流荷载的拉索等效应力差别较大,其变异系数均在0.2以上,尤其在考虑了不同交通流荷载模型的占有率后,这种差异性进一步增大。上述结果表明该交通流荷载聚类与模拟方法是有...     

水泥乳化沥青稳定基层应用研究

针对当前水泥稳定碎石基层强度刚度较大带来的反射裂缝问题,提出了一种刚柔并济的新型基层材料水泥乳化沥青复合胶浆稳定碎石。对水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石的路用性能进行了室内试验,并对其试验结果进行了分析。与同条件下水泥稳定碎石的试验结果对比发现,水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石强度可以满足基层实际应用的需要,并且其刚性较低的性能特点能克服当前半刚性基层沥青路面的一些缺陷。     

改性无砂混凝土路用性能评价

无砂混凝土因其强度不如普通密级配混凝土,限制了它的使用,因此如何提高无砂混凝土的强度和疲劳寿命是其应用的关键。将一种新型的胶体作为改性剂掺加到无砂混凝土中,通过强度、干缩及疲劳试验,与普通无砂混凝土以及同水泥用量、同强度等级的两种普通混凝土对比,试验表明该胶体改性剂能较大幅度提高无砂混凝土强度,达到规范混凝土面层强度要求,同时具备良好的抗干缩性能,特别是拥有优异的抗疲劳性能,使无砂混凝土具有了良好的应用前景。     

Fault diagnosis for singular stochastic systems

This paper studies the fault diagnosis of singular stochastic systems. The probability distribution of output is measured by probability density functions (PDFs), which are modeled by a square root B-spline expansion. An adaptive nonlinear observer is proposed to estimate the size of the fault occurring in systems. Furthermore, the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is applied to establish sufficient conditions for the existence of the observer. Finally, the simulation results are given to indicate the method for diagnosing the fault.     

Vocational and academic approaches to maritime education and training (MET): Trends,challenges and opportunities

Traditional seafarer training has always focused on the acquisition and use of practical skills. The prevailing view is that, while this approach addresses a degree of cognitive skills, it focuses on and gives much more emphasis to the acquisition of hands-on practical skills for the performance of specific tasks. On the other hand, academic education has been seen to be much more focused on the development of in-depth analytical and critical thinking skills; cognitive skills that are less reliant on hands-on task-oriented training, but stress critical reading and discussion. The global trend in maritime education and training is increasingly to link an essentially vocational education that provides specific and restricted competence outcomes with more general or deeper academic components leading to an academic qualification. This trend has led to some dilemmas for curriculum development, for training legislation in a global industry, and for achieving desired learning outcomes in a professional setting (in the shipping industry). This paper discusses some of the challenges arising from this trend and the opportunities the trend offers.     

Rapid first-stage tests of on-ship infection

Protection against on-ship infectious disease—whether due to mishap or to harmful purpose—faces special situational problems. Sometimes, when infection levels on board have reached threshold levels, emergency actions are required. Often, the most thorough strategies for responding to threat are not feasible. A rapid first-stage test (RFT) is a fast, minimally invasive procedure used to rule out from possible infection a large percentage of an infection-threatened group. Prevention and control of on-ship infection need to combine various interconnected tactics. When timely criterion tests are not possible, the medical team must adopt fast alternative measures. The methods used to summarize protection against on-ship infectious agents included a scientific literature review and a web search. The fields of the review were maritime, health, and technology sources. Special attention was paid to material dealing with risks and threats of on-ship penetration by infectious agents, on-ship infection prevalence thresholds, and rapid diagnostic screens. The Bayes rule and the law of large numbers were applied to the analysis, for large on-ship populations, of RFT indications of crossing of an infection prevalence threshold. The increasing risk of serious on-ship infection—either accidental or purposeful—calls for a multi-layered protection approach. RFTs are a key part of the outer layer of such a defense. Well-designed and well-administered RFTs provide several advantages for defense against on-ship infection: low-cost, non-invasive, fast, and focuses on a drastically smaller number of infection possibilities.     

Brittleness analysis and important nodes discovery in large time-evolving complex networks

The brittleness analysis and important nodes detection have been a hot spot in the complex networks. How to get the overall feature of the whole network and how to find out some important nodes are requisites to solve these problems. In this paper, we adopt the trace of the adjacency matrix and the centrality of the complex networks to give a quantitative and qualitative analysis of networks being studied. Results show that the k-shell plays a more important role than the degree centrality and the betweenness in finding important nodes, and it can also be used to give direction on the immunization and maintenance of complex networks.