钢箱梁构件对沥青铺装层应变的影响

从钢箱梁构件角度出发．按平板、板和U肋、无横隔饭的箱梁及带横隔板的局部段箱梁，用有限元方法分忻了相同荷位的荷载在铺装层中产生的最大应变．通过对比了解钢箱梁各构件对铺装层应变的影响程度。     

路面养护决策支持模块数据接口的研究

许多公路管理部门在为既有的道路基础设施管理系统移植路面养护决策支持模块时常常面临这么一个困惑：一方面，既有的道路基础设施管理系统中拥有大量的历史数据，但这些历史数据往往很难直接被新的路面决策支持模块所引用；另一方面，如若以路面决策支持模块为基础，重新开发一套道路基础设施管理系统，那代价又太大。针对这一现象，本提出通过设计数据接口的模式，将路面养护决策支持模块移植到既有的道路基础设施管理系统中，从根本上解决新、旧系统之间的数据协调问题。     

胶焊,点焊和胶接接头应力分布的比较分析

采用三维弹塑性有限元数值分析方法，比较了分析了胶焊，点焊和胶接接头的应力分布情况，结果表明，胶焊接头与胶接接头的应力分布特征值基本相同，仅在焊点区内略有区别，胶焊接头中的胶粘剂有效地降低了点焊接头中焊点的应力，消除了其焊点过级处的应力集中，所得应力分布可合理解释已有强度试验结果。     

CeO2改性阴极扩散层对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

采用水热法制备纳米CeO2空心球,以一定比例与碳粉、PTFE混合,经超声震荡后均匀喷涂在经疏水处理过的碳纸表面上形成微孔层.将改性扩散层与传统扩散层进行比较,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱测试分析、接触角、接触电阻表征,扩散层的物理性能几乎不会改变.再将扩散层组装成单电池进行一系列的电池性能测试,结果表明:掺杂CeO2的阴极扩散层组装而成的单电池无论是电池性能、交流阻抗谱还是动态响应测试均优于传统扩散层组装的单电池.即证明了掺杂CeO2制备的改性阴极扩散层由于其储放氧功能,可以加速氧气传质,增加催化剂表面氧分压,进而提升PEMFC的单电池的动态响应性能.     

Development of knowledge based body structure concept design model

The purpose of this study is to propose a concept design process for an automotive body structure using technical information on the major joints and members of vehicles. First, in order to collect the technical information on major joints and members, 17 vehicles were selected using benchmark data. The collected technical information for the selected vehicles was the cross sectional shapes of each joint and member which were used for the analysis of joint stiffness, crashworthiness and static stiffness of the member to make a database along with cross section properties. This study applied a ‘What If Study’ technique to perform a concept design of an automotive body using the analyzed information and selected cross section meeting the design objectives. The criteria for the selection of the cross section were defined by subdividing the defined design objectives of an automotive body structure and constraints into members and joints. In order to configure an analysis model of an automotive body structure using the selected cross section, a shape parametric model was used and static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and crashworthiness were assessed to evaluate the configured automotive body structure. The evaluation result showed that the crashworthiness and static/dynamic stiffness were improved compared to an existing body structure. In addition, the weight of the body structure was reduced. Through this study, the process that can rapidly and effectively derive and evaluate the concept design of an automotive body structure was defined. It is expected that, henceforth, this process will be helpful for the study of automotive body structures.     

Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.     

彩色多普勒超声在动态监测移植肝及其并发症中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾我中心107例原位肝移植术后应用彩色多普勒超声资料,汇总后行统计学分析。结果肝移植术后早期门脉流速较正常对照组升高,而肝动脉流速降低,后逐渐恢复正常。107例中发现肝动脉血栓形成2例(1.87%),肝动脉狭窄5例(4.67%),门脉血栓形成3例(2.80%),肿瘤复发7例(6.54%),诊断为急性排斥反应18例次(16.82%),慢性排斥反应10例次(9.34%),胸腔积液105例(98.13%),腹腔积液65例(60.74%),假性动脉瘤1例,胰漏1例,胆道感染4例(3.74%),胆道狭窄4例(3.74%),胆漏5例(4.67%),胆总管结石1例。结论彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中具有重要的临床意义。     

驾驶模拟器在自动驾驶系统中的应用研究

自动驾驶车辆在实际道路上行驶之前的测试阶段是一个至关重要的环节。一个低成本、高效率以及高精度测量的自动驾驶车辆的测试方式,对于自动驾驶车辆的开发具有重要意义。将驾驶模拟器运用到研究自动驾驶车辆测试已是近年来的一个研究热点。基于虚拟驾驶场景的自动驾驶车辆的检测,通过组合虚拟驾驶场景的背景车辆、行人、交通灯、建筑、指示标牌等元素,研究将驾驶模拟器与虚拟驾驶场景的联合应用来测试自动驾驶车辆。设计了典型的交通场景,通过自动驾驶车辆和背景车辆的实时交互,研究自动驾驶车辆的各项性能指标。研究结果表明:该驾驶模拟器可以高度拟合人类驾驶体验,驾驶员通过驾驶模拟器控制背景车辆能够很好的模拟现实中的驾驶行为,对自动驾驶车辆的仿真测试起到了促进作用。     

DPZ-440型高速配碴整形车走行齿轮箱的开发

主要介绍了DPZ-440型高速配碴整形车走行齿轮箱的研制及关键技术,重点阐述了其结构特点、工作原理及试验结果。     

考虑对地航速和航向的船舶典型轨迹提取方法

基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System, AIS)数据的船舶典型轨迹挖掘需要经过两个重要步骤,一是压缩 AIS 数据,二是聚类压缩后的 AIS 数据。传统的DP(DouglasPeucker)压缩算法,只考虑船舶轨迹的压缩形状,忽视了船舶航行中其他重要信息。为解决此问题,把对地航速和航向加入到DP算法的压缩过程中。在AIS轨迹聚类方面,传统谱聚类方法只对船舶轨迹的位置进行相似性度量,没有考虑船舶轨迹的其他维度,针对此问题,提出多属性轨迹相似性度量方法。由于不同的输入参数影响着最终的聚类质量,引入Calinski-Harabasz指标评价谱聚类算法,实现聚类参数的自适应选择。利用山东威海水域的实际AIS数据进行实例研究,并与传统谱聚类算法做比较实验。实验结果表明,利用该方法提取到的典型轨迹符合真实水域的交通情况,相较于传统谱聚类方法具有更高的聚类质量。