中欧规范T梁上部结构对比研究

各国规范均为一套系统且复杂的体系,难以用简化的分析方法进行全面的对比.对比规范的安全度,需要从作用效应和抗力效应两个方面综合考虑.作用效应需要进行不同状态的荷载组合以得到结构的组合内力,抗力效应需要考虑承载能力状态、正常使用极限状态(抗裂要求、混凝土压应力要求、刚度要求等).而桥梁结构的形式多样,汽车荷载的布置也存在很...     

深水桥梁垫层隔震基础冲刷演化机理与设计建议

群桩和沉井作为跨江海桥梁的基础支撑体系已得到广泛应用,但近年来实际工程的水深不断增加,现有技术已难以适用于50 m以上的超深水环境条件。为研究垫层隔震基础这一新型深水桥梁基础的冲刷演化机理,针对周期为1.2 s,波高分别为4、6、8 cm的3种波浪条件,以及海流流速为25 cm·s^-1,波浪波高为6 cm,周期为1.2 s的波流共同作用条件,开展砂土中垫层隔震基础冲刷演化机理的波流水槽模型试验研究,结合仅单向流作用下的基础体系冲刷演化机制,重点考察并梳理了隔震垫层的5种典型破坏形式及其特点。结果表明：仅存在单向流作用时,垫层的破坏形式主要为边缘破坏、剪切破坏和完全破坏,且严重程度随流速增大而增大;存在波浪作用时,海床泥沙及垫层材料起动后将发生振荡,导致隔震垫层还会发生掩埋破坏和掏底破坏;波流共同作用时,产生的影响比二者单独作用时更严重,对基础体系的正常工作产生严重影响。此外,通过分析交界面位置附近材料在冲刷过程中的滑动与滚动过程,认为颗粒材料的滑动和滚动是造成隔震垫层材料流失的主要原因。最后,对比分析了国内外抛石设计规范中的粒径计算方法,并在此基础上对垫层材料的设计提出建议。     

Robust control for four-wheel-independent-steering electric vehicle with steer-by-wire system

A four-wheel-independent-steering (4WIS) electric vehicle (EV) with steer-by-wire (SBW) system is proposed in this paper. The fast terminal sliding mode controller (FTSMC) is designed for the SBW system to suppress external disturbances. Taking unstructured and structured uncertainties into consideration, a robust controller is designed for the 4WIS EV utilizing μ synthesis approach and the controller order reduction is implemented based on Hankel-Norm approximation. Since sideslip angle is the feedback signal of robust controller and it is hard to measure, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate sideslip angle. To evaluate the vehicle performance with the designed control system, step and sinusoidal steering maneuvers are simulated and analyzed. Simulation results show that the designed control system have good tracking ability, strong robust stability and good robust performance to improve vehicle stability and handing performance.     

短线匹配法预制拼装技术及其工程应用

短线匹配法节段预制拼装技术是将整孔箱梁设计成若干个标准节段,工厂内逐节段匹配预制,架桥机现场拼装的施工技术。该项技术1965年最早出现在法国,在国外得到了广泛应用。2002年自苏通大桥开始,我国逐步实现了短线匹配法的大规模应用以及设计、施工、装备、材料等技术的全面国产化。结合我国已建成的几座代表性的短线匹配法桥梁工程,对短线匹配法节段预制拼装的接缝质量控制、线形控制及长期性能保证等关键要点进行了论述,对短线匹配法施工技术应用中存在的问题及未来发展趋势进行了初步分析。     

Driver behavior formulation in intersection dilemma zones with phone use distraction via a logit-Bayesian network hybrid approach

Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks.     

现代轿车自动变速器技术分析

自动变速器作为现代汽车传动系统中一个十分重要的总成，对车辆诸多性能的提高起着重要的作用。世界轿车自动变速器技术的发展无疑反映了当今该项技术的潮流，自动变速器技术正朝着结构多挡化、性能高效化、换挡智能化和舒适化等方向发展。     

控制稀燃汽油机NOx吸附-还原催化转化器再生过程的试验研究

针对汽油机稀薄燃烧排放控制的特殊要求,研制了一套适用于稀燃汽油机的电控节气门(ECT)系统.该系统可控制稀燃发动机周期性的短暂工作于浓混合气状态,满足NOx吸附-还原催化转化器的工作要求,降低稀燃发动机的NOx排放.并在混合气浓度改变的同时实现对点火时刻和节气门开度的连动控制,维持发动机输出功率稳定.实验结果表明,稀混合气燃烧配以NOx吸附-还原催化转化器进行排气后处理可使NOx排放最低达50×10-6,最高转化率达91%,该系统是解决稀燃及其排放问题的可行方案.     

用于车身制造质量控制的白车身测点布置及优化

在对检测点进行分类定义后阐述了车身设计阶段各类测点的布置原则，在此基础上提出了面向制造偏差诊断的测点布置位置优化方法。     

车辆与工程机械电子液压控制的发展

简要综述了车辆与工程机械中电子液压控制的新进展和需要解决的关键技术问题。提出了实现功率传输和运动控制与综合的新方案，给出了发动机-液压传动装置-负荷最佳匹配的实现方法。以应用于上海磁悬浮高速铁路工程轨道梁运输与搬运的工程机械的计算机控制系统为背景，讨论了基于现场总线控制系统(FCS)和PCI04车载工控机的车辆计算机控制系统的设计方法。     

驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说

针对汽车运动学和动力学自身的特点及驾驶员对其的理解和认识，基于预瞄跟随理论和预测控制理论，在驾驶员行为建模中作出了汽车运动学和动力学特性的分隔处理，提出了驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说，并结合仿真计算和驾驶模拟器实验论证了假说的合理性和有效性。