Assessment of diesel combustion noise overall level in transient operation

Combustion noise in passenger cars powered with direct injection (DI) diesel engines is frequently the main reason why end-users are reluctant to drive this type of vehicle. Thus, the great potential of diesel engines for environment preservation — due to their lower CO₂ emissions — could be missed. This situation worsens with the current design trends (engine downsizing) and the emerging new diesel combustion concepts (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition-HCCI, Premixed Charge Compression Ignition-PCCI, etc.), which are intrinsically noisy. This negative feature can be even more critical in transient operation due to the contribution of the temporal changes of both source and transmission path on engine noise. Therefore, combustion noise must be considered as an additional essential factor in engine development, together with performance, emissions and driveability. Thus, suitable evaluation procedures that can be integrated into the global engine development process in a timely and cost-effective manner are imperative. Regarding the evaluation procedures, most of the work available in the literature addressed combustion noise at steady operation. To surpass this limitation, two possible approaches — adapted from the classical and multiple regression methods — for the overall level assessment of combustion noise in transient conditions are evaluated in this paper.     

郑西客运专线路基黄土填料水泥改良试验研究

通过大量的水泥改良黄土室内试验及理论分析,研究不同配合比下水泥改良黄土的击实特性、压缩特性、强度特性及水稳性,分析并得出影响改良黄土强度变化的主要因素有改良土体的含水量、水泥配合比以及改良土的养护龄期等。试验结果表明,经水泥改良后黄土的压缩性、强度及水稳性均得到很好的改善,满足设计要求,最终论证水泥改良黄土作为路基填料的可行性。     

Longhaul feeder services in an era of changing technology: an Asia-Pacific perspective

Traditional liner carriers, operating in the highly competitive commercial environment of the last few years, have attempted to lower the marginal cost of each box carried. Technological improvements in both construction and propulsion systems have led to a steady growth in carrying capacity. Ships of 600+ TEUs are now in service and, as a result of this trend, have displaced 'smaller' ships from the major east-west trades. The more competitive environment of these trades has in turn led to a redeployment of ships in the 2500+ TEU range to the north-south trades. The result has been a rapid increase in north-south capacity, including feeder services and falling freight rates. Despite the current excess supply in shipping and historically low freight rates, significant developments in technology have created opportunities for new fast containerships. The paper analyses the key economic factors in the differentiation of the new fast ship technology from the traditionally designed containerships and demonstrates the potential financial viability to owners of these new 'greyhounds'.     

Toward regional transportation governance: a case study of Greater Vancouver

This paper discusses the evolving institutional structure and governance of transportation planning, policy development and transit delivery within one major North American city-region, the Greater Vancouver area. Various methods of transportation governance are explored from complete independence to full regional integration. The move away from a direct provincial role in transportation management to a greater regional transit authority is discussed and critiqued. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

坪口2号桥10号墩裂缝水下探测研究

以沪昆铁路坪口2号桥10号墩为研究对象，采用水下探测成像技术，取得桥墩水下部分的影像资料。通过对影像资料的分析，得出病害发生的原因以及墩身状态，并制定出解决方案。水下探测成像技术相对其他探测技术，有着直观、准确等优势。将砌体结构看成由砌块、砂浆以及它们之间的粘结带组成的复合结构体，从受压砌体的工作原理入手探寻砌体桥墩裂缝发生的原因。     

柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射系统初探

介绍了高压共轨燃油喷射系统的组成和在船用低速柴油机上的应用状况,对其在排放方面的优越性进行了评析。高压共轨燃油喷射系统作为一种全新概念的电控燃油喷射系统,具有高度的控制灵活性,是未来船用低速柴油机燃油喷射系统的主要发展方向。     

桥梁差动裂缝的分析与预防

对混凝土桥梁施工中遇到的由各种原因引起的差动裂缝进行了分析,并针对设计阶段提出对不同裂缝应采取的预防性措施,说明了合理科学设计和安排施工的重要性,可为混凝土桥梁施工项目提供参考。     

不同渗透系数地层中泥浆渗透成膜试验研究

为了改善泥浆在高渗透性地层中难以成膜的问题,给泥水盾构工程中泥浆的配制提供参考,针对膨润土泥浆在砂土地层中渗透成膜的过程,以某高铁隧道砂卵石地层中泥水盾构施工为背景,开展了泥浆在不同渗透系数地层中的成膜试验。试验采用自行设计的内径为300 mm的泥浆渗透装置,利用分级加压的方式使泥浆压力转化为地层的有效支护压力,分析了地层渗透系数、泥皮厚度、泥浆滤失量三者的关系以及成膜的判断方法。研究结果表明:泥皮厚度随着地层渗透系数的变大表现为先增大后减小,而泥浆滤失量随之不断增大,在泥皮厚度增大阶段厚度与滤失量成正相关,在泥皮厚度减小阶段厚度与滤失量成负相关,泥皮厚度最大值点是泥浆渗透有效成膜的转折点;过泥皮厚度最大值点的k线可为泥浆适应性判断提供参考,k线左侧是泥浆渗透成膜的稳定区域,而在k线右侧区域,泥浆颗粒的消耗量与滞留量呈负相关,泥浆的适应性较差;采用D₁₅/d₈₅的值能大致地划分泥浆的渗透成膜类型,D₁₅/d₈₅在10附近是成膜是否有效的过渡区,该区域对应k线右侧临近区域,泥浆渗透可以形成泥皮,但稳定性较差,故泥皮不能作为有效泥膜形成的标志;增大泥浆中颗粒的粒径能提高泥浆的成膜能力,使泥浆k线向右移动,能有效解决泥浆在高渗透性地层中成膜难的问题。     

Topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles based on real routes–Part I: Hybrid hydraulic powertrain

In this two-part paper, a topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles (RCVs) based on the simulation of different architectures (internal combustion engine, hybrid electric, and hybrid hydraulic) on real routes is proposed. In this first part, a characterization of a standard route is performed, analyzing the average power consumption and the most frequent working points of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in real routes. This information is used to define alternative powertrain architectures. A hybrid hydraulic powertrain architecture is proposed and modelled. The proposed powertrain model is executed using two different control algorithms, with and without predictive strategies, with data obtained from real routes. A calculation engine (an algorithm which runs the vehicle models on real routes), is presented and used for simulations. This calculation engine has been specifically designed to analyze if the different alternative powertrain delivers the same performance of the original ICE. Finally, the overall performance of the different architectures and control strategies are summarized into a fuel and energy consumption table, which will be used in the second part of this paper to compare with the different architectures based on hybrid electric powertrain. The overall performance of the different architectures indicates that the use of a hybrid hydraulic powertrain with simple control laws can reduce the fuel consumption up to a 14 %.     

珠三角实行区域年票制面临的主要难题及解决方案

鉴于珠三角区域公路收费年票制存在诸多问题和困难,针对年票制债务、收费标准、站点设置、高速公路代收路费及经营性公路回购等问题,对珠三角实行区域年票制的影响逐一分析,并提出了解决问题的方案.