《电工电子技术》课程教学探讨

针对电工电子技术课程教学内容多、课时数少的矛盾,从优化教学内容,改进教学手段,加强实践教学几个方面提出了一些初步想法。     

Quantitative Analysis of impact of Bicycles on Vehicles in Urban Mixed Traffic

Bicycles create obvious impact on motor vehicles' behavior on urban road especially in China with mixed traffic. These influences can be divided into two states: friction and block interference. Based on the data of interference of bicycles on vehicles' driving in typical road section in Beijing, this paper quantitatively analyzes the velocity changing tendency of vehicles under different interference, velocity distribution frequency, and critical transformation of different interference state. The friction and block interference coefficients are also worked out, which are useful to compare interference degrees under different road conditions. As a result, the research based on sample data shows that the velocity distribution of vehicles has different characteristics under different interference state, and vehicles driving velocities are significantly different under the friction interference and block interference.     

Travel Behavior Analysis of the Females in Beijing

In urban life, compared with the same age group of male contrast, the statistical indicators of female travel behavior show significant differences. According to the sample data of Beijing 2005 travel survey, the paper analyzes the female travel behavior in the travel rate, travel consumption, trip purpose, and travel mode. Furthermore, the paper introduces the concept of the trip chain, to construct a female morning commuter trip chain choice behavior model with noncollection theories and methods, to analyze 10 factors that influence a female individual's choice of a trip chain from the source. Subsequently, model parameters are estimated, to calculate the incidents that can help to quantitatively understand the impact of each factor on a female's choice of the trip chain. The results show that the travel rate of elderly women is far lower than that of elderly men. Female travel proportion in shopping and social activities is obviously higher than that of male travelers, and factors related to the structure of families create important constraints in their average travel time consumption. The main travel mode of the female is walking, which is far more than that of a male. Age, whether they hold licenses, monthly income, and transport ownership are dominant factors for the female's choice of the trip chain.     

泡沫沥青冷再生半柔性基层性能研究

采用旧沥青路面铣刨混合料,用泡沫沥青和水泥复合作再生稳定剂进行现场冷再生碾压成型形成半柔性基层。从材料的选取与级配的组成、沥青的发泡条件、油石比出发,研究了泡沫沥青的发泡性能和泡沫沥青冷再生基层的物理性质和强度特性。试验得到了沥青的最佳发泡条件和混合料的最佳含水量和最佳油石比,表明其强度能够满足路面设计规范关于基层设计参数的要求。     

双护盾TBM分体始发技术研究与在青岛地铁1号线的实施

为保证在不具备整体始发空间的条件下双护盾TBM分体始发顺利实施,以青岛地铁1号线海泊桥站为例,针对城市地铁隧道施工始发场地有限的客观条件,以实现施工功能为导向,通过配套设备的优化布置并最大限度地利用双护盾TBM自身配置实现有限场地内最经济的TBM分体始发,并对分体始发的基本方案进行探讨。经研究分析可知： 1）分体始发时双护盾TBM需具备的基本配套系统为高（低）压供电系统及控制系统、冷却水系统、液压系统、润滑系统、脂密封系统、压缩空气系统、豆砾石回填系统、注浆系统、导向系统及除尘系统; 2）通过管线、线缆的延伸,双护盾TBM可在主机与后配套之间或主机与部分后配套之间任何位置断开。     

最小二乘支持向量机-粒子群算法在地下厂房围岩参数反分析中的应用

为准确确定地下厂房围岩的弹性模量、泊松比、黏聚力、内摩擦角、侧压力系数等参数,以正交设计、最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法等现代数学方法为基本手段,建立基于位移增量的围岩参数反分析方法。以CCS水电站大型地下厂房为研究背景,通过工程地质条件研究选取8#机组剖面作为分析对象,采用二维弹塑性有限元方法建立地质结构分析模型。以地下厂房洞室群分层开挖多点位移计实测位移增量为依据,对CCS水电站地下厂房区域围岩力学特性及地应力场特征进行反分析。研究结果表明： 主厂房第Ⅵ层与第Ⅰ层开挖和主变室第4层与第1层开挖所产生的位移增量计算值与多点位移计实测值吻合较好,最大相对误差小于10%,说明采用最小二乘支持向量机和粒子群算法相结合的反分析方法在工程上是可行的,且效果较为显著。     

移动式布料皮带机在双护盾TBM出碴中的应用

隧道TBM施工采用有轨运输方式出碴时,掘进过程中矿车卸碴布料涉及工序较多,且牵引列车编组的内燃机车持续运行会增加尾气排放,造成隧道内空气污染。应用于青岛地铁隧道施工的双护盾TBM的后配套配置了移动式布料皮带机,该皮带机可实现往复移动和正反向运行为矿车卸碴布料。对该移动式布料皮带机的工作原理、结构组成、移动方式、张紧方式和驱动方式等进行研究,并分析其应用效果。实践证明,该技术应用于TBM后配套出碴可行、实用,简化了施工工序并提高了工作效率。     

青岛地铁隧道双护盾TBM适应性设计及应用

为应对岩石地质条件下城市地铁隧道施工工况的特殊性,对应用于青岛地铁2号线的双护盾TBM进行适应性设计。盾体采用模块化设计并在前盾安装配合稳定器工作的辅助支撑,管片吊运直接由吊机喂送至拼装机,后配套出碴配置梭式皮带机,采用满足小转向半径掘进的双激光靶导向系统,从而保证隧道施工过程中装机、始发、掘进、出碴、过站、小曲线半径掘进和洞内拆机等工况的顺利实施,取得良好的应用效果。通过对施工过程中掘进参数、衬砌变形和地表沉降等应用效果的分析,验证了双护盾TBM选型的正确性和对青岛地质的适应性。     

软弱围岩隧道管棚水平旋喷组合预加固变形规律

为研究软弱围岩地层管棚水平旋喷桩组合结构的预加固效果,采用三维弹塑性有限元方法对比分析了单独使用管棚、单独使用旋喷桩、管棚与旋喷桩组合预加固及无加固4种工况下隧道结构体系的位移变化规律。结果表明:1)水平旋喷桩和管棚2种工法中,水平旋喷桩预加固工法控制拱顶下沉、拱脚收敛值和掌子面稳定性能力显著;2)管棚预加固工法控制地表沉降的能力较强;3)管棚和旋喷桩组合结构控制拱顶沉降和拱脚收敛,掌子面水平位移性能突出,管棚水平旋喷桩组合结构使地表沉降减小91.3%,拱顶沉降减小76.2%,拱脚收敛减小76.3%,其地表最大沉降值为2.7 mm,拱顶最大沉降值为25 mm,拱脚最大收敛值为4mm,最小收敛值为-9.4 mm,加固效果明显。