Mass transit systems of Beijing: governance evolution and analysis

Developing a more efficient mass transit system, in highly populated cities, improves the mobility, decreases the dependency of private cars, alleviates traffic congestion, and provides a more environmentally friendly means of travel. Recently, the city of Beijing decided to have a target of becoming as a ‘public-transport city’ with a fascinating mass transit system within a larger plan, of building humanistic, scientific and technological, and green public-transport systems. This work discusses the governance evolution of the mass transit system of Beijing between 1949–2008, comprised of two groups of transit systems, the road surface public-transport system (bus, tram, trolley, etc.), and the subway public-transport system. In addition, a time-series analysis is introduced in an attempt to examine the effect of governance evolution on the two transit systems, and of the impacts of the governance structural changes on the mass transit system. The time-series model is introduced using the annual statistics data of the period 1949–2008. The outcome of the analysis is viewed with precaution because of the incompleteness of the many endogenous and exogenous factors to affect the public-transport demand. Generally speaking it is concluded that the governance evolution provides beneficial effect of the Beijing mass transit activity; however, for satisfying the significant increase of the Beijing city’s travel demand and maintaining sustainable development, the governance-involvement pattern needs to be reformed.     

大跨径铁路车站隧道施工力学特性研究

依托大(理)丽(江)铁路三线大跨车站隧道工程,对隧道(出口端跨度大于20 m)洞口段(48 m)进行了施工过程的三维有限元数值分析.通过对隧道围岩应力与塑性区分布状态的分析得出:大跨隧道核心土底部和边墙两侧出现了应力集中区域,拱顶部位易出现拉应力;临时横撑滞后4个循环(即8 m)可发挥作用,能够有效控制围岩应力分布形态和塑性区的发展;大跨隧道核心土塑性区完全贯通,最大塑性区出现于隧道两侧边墙中部.根据数值分析结果,在隧道应力集中区域进行注浆加固和合理的分部开挖,并从现场监控量测结果反馈出隧道围岩压力及钢拱架内力变化较小,说明隧道加固措施能够有效控制甥性区范围和减弱围岩应力集中现象.     

大伙房输水工程特长隧洞TBM选型及施工关键技术研究

大伙房输水工程隧洞长85.32 km,开挖洞径8.03 m,属于深埋特长隧洞.隧洞施工采用以TBM为主、钻爆法为辅的联合施工方式.隧洞穿越区域水文地质条件复杂,开挖中面临的主要工程地质问题有围岩稳定性、隧洞涌水、石英砂岩的掘进效率及岩爆等三大关键技术难题.文章通过对大量文献资料和工程实例的研究,概述了TBM近一个世纪的发展及其在隧道建设中的应用现状和主要问题.通过对大伙房特长隧洞所穿越区域的地质条件以及主要工程地质问题进行分析,并结合国内外已有的TBM施工经验,以及对特长隧洞TBM选型进行分析,决定选用锚喷支护+模筑混凝土复合衬砌结构支护系统代替管片衬砌结构,采用连续皮带机高速度出碴、TBM掘进独头长距离施工通风以及TBM洞内组装和检修等技术,对大伙房输水工程特长隧洞高速度、高标准、高质量的建成发挥了重要的保证作用,也可为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴.     

青藏铁路钢轨铝热焊应用研讨

青藏铁路线路无缝化采用了铝热焊技术,但普通铝热焊在高原地区使用易产生焊接缺陷。针对高原地区特点,通过对铝热焊剂及焊接工艺进行优化,满足了青藏铁路的使用要求。     

自锚式悬索桥缆索系统的施工

详细介绍了康济大桥索鞍、主缆、索夹及吊索的施工技术及施工监控要点,为同类桥梁实践经验的积累提供了重要的参考.     

谈沈抚高速公路桥梁工程桥面系早期破损质量通病的预防

分析了高速公路桥面系早期破坏的原因,从沈抚高速公路的设计、施工等角度出发,就如何预防此类质量问题所采取的一系列措施,在所有的高速公路建设中具有推广意义.     

射频仿真系统中的弹目偏角修正方法研究

射频仿真系统中导弹转台作为导弹姿态模拟器引入对试验结果的影响是多方面的,文章针对导引头安装于转台产生不同心度的原因进行了分析,通过建立的临时坐标系与导引头坐标系之间几何关系,得出弹目偏角的具体修正算法,该方法使多种因素带来的误差得以量化处理。将修正后的角度信息引入仿真试验将会消除由不同心度带来的误差量。     

嵌入式系统程序调用关系分析设计方法

对嵌入式系统中单线程应用程序的动态执行情况进行研究探讨,以EFI Shell下为例提出了程序动态执行过程中对函数调用深度和执行时间提取的具体实现方法,为开发人直观清晰地了解整个程序的结构和动态执行情况提供了便利。     

基于PERT的弹道导弹装填作业流程优化研究

通过对多枚弹道导弹装填网络作业流程进行分析,建立了三组数学模型。基于该模型将多枚导弹装填的问题转化为一种寻求最优方案的问题,并以三枚导弹装填网络作业流程的优化为例,阐述多枚导弹装填优化模型的过程,最后给出了多枚弹装填的时间公式。     

框架四叉树的自主水下航行器追踪动态目标研究(英文)

An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) must use an algorithm to plan its path to distant, mobile offshore objects. Because of the uneven distribution of obstacles in the real world, the efficiency of the algorithm decreases if the global environment is represented by regular grids with all of them at the highest resolution. The framed quadtree data structure is able to more efficiently represent the environment. When planning the path, the dynamic object is expressed instead as several static objects which are used by the path planner to update the path. By taking account of the characteristics of the framed quadtree, objects can be projected on the frame nodes to increase the precision of the path. Analysis and simulations showed the proposed planner could increase efficiency while improving the ability of the AUV to follow an object.