Regional fishery management councils: The federal perspective

Abstract

Under the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, the federal government cooperates with states, the fishing industry, and public constituencies to regulate fisheries. This paper notes changes in U.S. fisheries over the last decade, remarks on the effectiveness of the Act, and makes suggestions for an improved fishery management process.     

新转化膜在汽车行业内的应用近况

1 引言 伴随着20世纪初Thomas Coslett及其他众多人士的研究工作,在1943年引入了Jernstadt磷酸盐后,诞生了今天人们所熟知的用于镀锌工艺前预浸处理的含钛磷酸氢二钠溶液.使用该磷酸盐后,可以更快地形成更为细小的磷酸锌晶体组织.过去60多年间,这种基础工艺在众人的努力下愈发精细,但是基本的化学特性及功能仍然保持不变.     

Diesel-engined vehicle nitric oxide and soot emissions during the European light-duty driving cycle using a transient mapping approach

An engine mapping-based methodology is developed to gain a first approximation of a vehicle’s performance and emissions during a light-duty cycle. The procedure is based on a steady-state experimental investigation of the engine with an appropriate vehicle drivetrain model applied so that the cycle vehicle speed data can be transformed into engine speed and torque. Correction analysis is then applied based on transient experimentation to account for the transient discrepancies during real driving. The developed algorithm is applied for the case of a diesel-engined vehicle running on the European light-duty cycle. A comparative analysis is performed for each section of the cycle revealing its individual transient characteristics.     

Tractor-Semitrailer Dynamics: Design of the Fifth Wheel*

The nonlinear equations of motion are derived for a tractor-semitrailer truck where both the itractor and the semitrailer yaw, pitch, roll, and translate. Special emphasis is placed on the constraints imposed by the fifth wheel on the vehicle motion. In particular, the effects of two proposed fifth wheel design changes on the jackknifing behavior of a vehicle in a turning, braking maneuver are studied. The results demonstrate that the tendency of the vehicle to jackknife can be reduced with a geometric modification of the fifth wheel.     

Energy Dissipation Due to Vehicle/Track Interaction

The effects of track irregularities and wheel profile on the amount of energy dissipated in railroad freight vehicles is examined. A nonlinear computational model is used to determine the average dissipation in the vehicle suspension and the wheel/rail contact patches. This dissipation is a component of the total resistance force acting on the vehicle. Parametric results are presented showing the effects of track geometry, wheel profile, suspension design, and hunting on train resistance. Track geometry studies consider the effects of track quality and curving. The AAR 1:20 wheel profile and the Heumann wheel profile are compared under various operating conditions. Compared with the Heumann profile, the AAR 1:20 profile is shown to have lower average resistance on good quality tangent track, but higher average resistance in steady curves. A trade-off exists between the two profiles when dynamic curve entry is considered.     

全铝车身前纵梁耐撞性与轻量化优化方法

为了提升前纵梁的碰撞性能及轻量化水平,建立了全铝车身前部结构的正面碰撞有限元模型,对前纵梁的耐撞性与轻量化优化方法进行了研究。以前纵梁的3种不同截面形式为对象,对比分析了截面形状的变化对碰撞性能的影响。在此基础上,以碰撞性能及质量为优化目标,分别对3种不同截面形式的前纵梁进行多目标优化。进一步在目标空间中,将3种不同截面形式前纵梁的Pareto解集按其目标函数向量进行相互比较,最终得到了考虑截面形式影响因素的Pareto解集。此优化方法为前纵梁的耐撞性与轻量化优化提供了新的解决方案。     

移动电站备件库存优化分析

建立了备件库存物资的存储策略模型，并通过建立存储策略期望费用方程，求解期望费用的极小值，来确定期初存储量和订货量。并且计算订货监测点的值，从而建立适宜的备件经济订货模型。     

制动噪声试验方法及模糊评价

本在大量道路试验的基础上，针对制动噪声随机性大和重复性差的特点，提出了一套关于制动噪声测试的试验方法和评价方法，该评价方法应用了模糊数学的原理，对制动噪声进行模糊综合评价，最终给出汽车的总评分和评语，具有明显的分辨率，这种模糊综合评价方法出同样适用于汽车其它性能的综合评价和汽车的总评分。     

气动高压无气冷喷漆划线车的研制

道路标线划线车是道路施工的重要设备,而气动高压无气冷喷漆划线车则是最新研制的先进的道路标线划线车.介绍了笔者单位研制的新一代气动高压无气冷喷漆划线车的结构组成、工作原理、主要性能参数、主要特点和使用情况,并从实践证明其是一种性能完善的理想划线设备.     

等值单元和等值单元定理

本文给出了等值单元、广义状态量、伴随广义状态量等新概念,提出了等值单元定理。