基岩完整隧道衬砌环向裂缝成因分析及其防治措施

文章通过向莆铁路线七座完整基岩隧道二次衬砌环向裂缝的统计,对隧道衬砌开裂的原因进行了综合分析,阐述了混凝土结构裂缝的危害大小程度,以及设计及施工管理过程中对衬砌裂缝的控制途径,并对此提出了相应的处理措施和建议.     

A shockwave profile model for traffic flow on congested urban arterials

In this paper a new traffic flow model for congested arterial networks, named shockwave profile model (SPM), is presented. Taking advantage of the fact that traffic states within a congested link can be simplified as free-flow, saturated, and jammed conditions, SPM simulates traffic dynamics by analytically deriving the trajectories of four major shockwaves: queuing, discharge, departure, and compression waves. Unlike conventional macroscopic models, in which space is often discretized into small cells for numerical solutions, SPM treats each homogeneous road segment with constant capacity as a section; and the queuing dynamics within each section are described by tracing the shockwave fronts. SPM is particularly suitable for simulating traffic flow on congested signalized arterials especially with queue spillover problems, where the steady-state periodic pattern of queue build-up and dissipation process may break down. Depending on when and where spillover occurs along a signalized arterial, a large number of queuing patterns may be possible. Therefore it becomes difficult to apply the conventional approach directly to track shockwave fronts. To overcome this difficulty, a novel approach is proposed as part of the SPM, in which queue spillover is treated as either extending a red phase or creating new smaller cycles, so that the analytical solutions for tracing the shockwave fronts can be easily applied. Since only the essential features of arterial traffic flow, i.e., queue build-up and dissipation, are considered, SPM significantly reduces the computational load and improves the numerical efficiency. We further validated SPM using real-world traffic signal data collected from a major arterial in the Twin Cities. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. We expect that in the future this model can be applied in a number of real-time applications such as arterial performance prediction and signal optimization.     

吉隆坡地铁A标段盾构土舱压力的计算与分析

文章以吉隆坡新捷运工程地下北段A标工程为例,基于Horn的三维楔形体破坏理论,采用极限平衡分析法,推导出了在土压及全水头压力作用下满舱土、半舱土、无土三种状态下土舱压力的计算方法,并采用整体分析与局部分析相结合的方法进行了验证。从计算结果可以看出,影响土舱压力的因素主要有水位高度、覆土厚度、粘聚力、覆土及掌子面处的内摩擦角,并对这五个因素进行了敏感性分析。通过运用该方法计算的土舱压力进行掘进并对现场监控量测数据进行分析,地表沉降均满足相关设计要求。     

沉管隧道预制管节顶推滑移系统摩擦试验研究

为了针对某大型沉管隧道预制管节的顶推滑移系统选择合适的摩擦面材料,文章对该顶推滑移系统的四组拟采用摩擦面材料(不锈钢板-PTFE、不锈钢板-NGE、普通钢板-PTFE、普通钢板-NGE)进行了静、动态摩擦系数测试。利用20 000 k N压剪试验机、采用双剪法进行了模拟测试试验。试验结果表明:(1)四组被测试摩擦面的摩擦系数中,不锈钢板与PTFE板的最小,普通钢板与PTFE板的最大;(2)锂基润滑油和水对减小不锈钢板与PTFE板之间的静、动摩擦系数效果都十分明显,但锂基润滑油对摩擦系数的减小效果会随着油层被挤压变薄而逐渐减弱。该试验结果为该顶推滑移系统的摩擦面材料选择以及摩擦面润滑处理措施提供了重要参考依据。     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海底盾构隧道孤石爆破预处理关键技术

文章针对基于孤石形状、分布位置的随机性及其高强度,盾构机无法直接掘进通过这一工程难题,在前期物探及钻孔验证的基础上,对钻孔参数和爆破方案设计进行了分析;通过采用对临近隧洞爆破震动跟踪监测和爆破后炮孔取芯验证的方法,总结出了一套针对海底盾构区间孤石爆破预处理的施工方法.     

纯电骡子车开发及试制新方法应用

通过对比燃油汽车与纯电动汽车整车架构,分析燃油车改制纯电动骡子车的可行性.利用现有车型完成纯电动骡子车改制,不仅可以节省开发成本,还可以加快新产品升级换代.同时基于两种车型的差异性,制定相应的车型改制方案.阐述常见的改制内容与创新方法应用,为后续同平台新车型开发提供参考.     

某重型卡车全浮式驾驶室悬置系统设计

结合整车对全浮式驾驶室悬置系统的总体要求,利用理论计算、动力学仿真、有限元分析等方法进行各种工况模拟以及悬置性能分析,确保悬置系统各方面满足设计要求.实际样车在不同路况、速度下验证了悬置系统隔振率、平顺性、可靠性满足设计要求.通过对设计过程的总结,形成了一套驾驶室悬置系统设计方法、明确了性能评价指标和相关试验要求.     

PA66-GF30透光率对激光透射焊接性能的影响

通过对不同及相同厚度的本色和黑色激光透射PA66-GF30材料进行透光率测试,对焊接后的试样进行拉拔测试.文章分析了厚度对透光率的影响,相同厚度材料颜色、透光率对焊接强度的影响.结果表明,随着厚度的升高材料透光率下降;相同厚度材料的透光率升高,其焊接强度也依次升高,且本色与黑色的PA66-GF30焊接强度要高于黑色与黑...     

问题式教学在《汽车构造》网络授课中的实践应用

文章通过对问题式教学的理论分析,结合疫情期间开展网络授课的教学过程,通过理论分析和实践教学来探索问题式教学在网络教学过程中的开展方式,以此构建基于网络教学生成问题、回答问题、解决问题和检验问题的问题式教学模式,从而提高网络授课的教学效果,培养学生自主学习的能力.