Product Quality Evaluation Method Based on Product Gene Theory

Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product gene theory into product quality evaluation. Methods of quality influencing factors based modeling and encoding are established. Combined with similarity theory and product gene theory, a product gene similarity analysis based quality evaluation method is proposed. The proposed method is low cost, operates easily and requires less specialized knowledge. A case study is conducted to prove the correctness and feasibility of this method.     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

面向驾驶员的城市出租汽车服务站调查——以广西壮族自治区柳州市为例

城市出租汽车服务站普遍存在建设无序与低效的情况,需进行合理布局规划。以广西壮族自治区柳州市为例,对出租汽车驾驶员进行问卷调查。分析出租汽车驾驶员特征、驾驶员对服务站功能的选择意向,并采用分形理论分析服务站选址分布与城市空间形态的关系。结果显示:出租汽车服务站的服务功能应以解决驾驶员停车、休息、就餐、如厕等基本需求为主;驾驶员年龄因素对服务功能选择有较为明显的影响;服务站的规划建设应密切依托城市空间形态及城市道路网、人口、用地等城市构成要素分布。通过将出租汽车微观数据与城市宏观形态相结合,为城市出租汽车服务站规划与评价提供新的视角。     

考虑出行竞争的网约车能源环境效应不确定性研究

在碳中和背景下,交通行业推进节能减排刻不容缓。随着网约车的蓬勃发展,它被认为替 代了部分传统出行方式出行量,与传统出行方式形成竞争关系,网约车对绿色出行量的影响引发 了人们对其能源环境效应的思考。本文基于反事实思维视角,从网约车对传统出行方式出行量 影响的角度建立网约车能源环境效应评估模型;以北京市为案例城市,运用网约车进入北京之前 不同指标的数据,推演近年不考虑网约车影响的传统出行方式出行量;结合推演出行量和建立的 能源环境效应评估模型得到网约车带来的净碳排放。结果表明,网约车对公交车和地铁出行量 产生一定的抑制作用,其能源环境效应具有不确定性特征,并且随着共乘比例的增大,网约车的 负能源环境效应削弱,说明网约车仍然具有节能减排的潜力,相关部门需要合理管理网约车。研 究结论揭示了网约车的能源环境效应及发展共乘模式的重要性,对以网约车为代表的共享出行 可持续发展具有参考意义,为实现碳中和作贡献。     

城市中心体系与公共交通模式耦合发展——《大伦敦规划》的经验与启示

城市中心体系是制定并落实空间发展战略的核心内容,是优化空间结构的关键策略.城市中心体系与公共交通模式紧密耦合,是大伦敦空间发展战略的核心和标志性理念.首先,梳理大伦敦城镇中心网络的政策发展过程,明确特点与分级方法.其次,围绕城市空间、交通空间、要素空间,从宏中微观视角分析政策传递的耦合、叠合、联合特征.再次,针对国家指引优化、地方指南引导、体检指标传递,从国家-市区层面解读政策实施评估.最后,指出亟须建立健全城市中心规划评估体系,明确识别评估方法,完善监测体检机制;认为指引指南、创新机制、体检评估有助于传递深化战略政策要求;强调亟须提升政策移植适应能力,有必要在城市发展战略层面将城市中心体系与公共交通模式紧密耦合.     

高速铁路对江西省虹吸效应的影响分析

在高铁开通后虹吸效应的演变作用机理分析基础上,通过引力模型和空间计量模型,运用“有无对比法”测算江西省11个地级市与邻省主要城市之间的空间相互作用及虹吸效应强度,再将可达性与其进行空间计量分析.研究表明:高铁压缩了城市时空距离,加强了江西与邻省主要城市尤其是上海、长沙和武汉的空间相互作用;高铁使得虹吸效应作用强度的空间...     

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首先介绍了系统的开发目标和系统的总体框架结构,然后分别介绍了各主要模块的功能和具体的实现过程.为协调公路网络建设、规划及管理之间的工作,建立了基于GIS的公路网管理决策支持系统.利用GIS技术,通过交通信息采集系统建立了基础地理信息数据库和公路交通信息数据库,并生成了动态电子地图系统,对交通信息分析的结果实现了信息可视化输出,从而为公路交通管理部门和规划部门提供准确、直观的决策信息.     

尼古丁损伤大鼠肠系膜动脉内皮功能及卡托普利的干预作用

目的观察尼古丁对大鼠离体肠系膜动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响以及卡托普利的干预作用。方法应用器官培养技术和离体血管环张力描记法,研究不同浓度的尼古丁(10-5、10-4、10-3mol/L)在有或无卡托普利(0.01、0.030、.1 mmol/L)的情况下,对培养24 h的成年SD大鼠肠系膜动脉环(1 mm)内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响。结果尼古丁呈浓度依赖性损伤乙酰胆碱(ACh)诱导的内皮依赖性血管舒张反应(P<0.01,与空白对照组比较)。卡托普利呈浓度依赖性改善尼古丁对血管内皮依赖性舒张反应的损害。低浓度时对尼古丁损伤没有明显影响,高浓度具有显著的保护作用(P<0.05,与尼古丁10-4mol/L组比较)。结论卡托普利对尼古丁所引起的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

龙舟史话

龙舟这一古老的为人们所喜闻乐见的交通工具，有其发展演变的历史，文章系统的揭示了这一过程。龙舟文化在新的历史时期，已经被赋予了新的内涵，成为发掘、弘扬中华优秀传统文化不可分割的重要的组成部分。