Failure mode and effects analysis of dual levelling valve airspring suspensions on truck dynamics

Failure mode and effects analysis are performed for a dual levelling valve pneumatic suspension to determine the effect of suspension failure on tractor–semi-trailer dynamics, using a detailed model of suspension pneumatics coupled with a truck dynamic model. A key element of failure analysis in suspensions with one or two levelling valves is determining the effect on the vehicle body roll when one or more failures occur. The failure modes considered are mainly the suspension pneumatic components, including clogged levelling valve, bent control rod, disabled lever arm, and punctured or leaking connectors and pipes. The pneumatic suspension is modelled in AMESim, with critical parameters established through component testing. Upon validating the AMESim component model experimentally, the pneumatic suspension model is integrated into TruckSim for studying the consequences of suspension failure on truck dynamics. The simulation results indicate that the second levelling valve in a dual-valve arrangement brings a certain amount of failure redundancy to the system, in the sense that when one side fails, the other side can compensate for the failure. Equipping the trailer with dual levelling valves brings an additional stabilising effect to the vehicle in the event of tractor suspension failure.     

SBS/橡胶粉复合改性SH型混合生物沥青工艺及机理

为探究复合改性技术提升混合生物沥青路用性能的工艺及机理,针对特定来源的SH型生物沥青,将其与石油沥青共混制备混合生物沥青后进行SBS/橡胶粉复合改性,研究改性顺序及改性剂掺量对复合改性沥青常规路用性能的影响、生物沥青掺量对改性剂溶胀特性与复合改性沥青高温及低温性能的影响,由此确定混合生物沥青复合改性工艺;利用多应力重复蠕变恢复（MSCR）、弯曲梁流变（BBR）和频率扫描（FS）试验评价复合改性沥青的流变特性;借助红外光谱（IR）化学官能团分析以及荧光显微镜（FM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）微观形貌观测分析揭示混合生物沥青复合改性机理。研究结果表明：SBS掺量为2.5%,橡胶粉掺量为18%（内掺）时,按照先SBS改性后橡胶粉改性的顺序制备的复合改性沥青的常规路用性能均较优;生物沥青掺量为15%时改性剂溶胀特性与复合改性沥青的高温及低温性能均较佳;SBS/橡胶粉复合改性在显著提升混合生物沥青弹性恢复率与m值的同时还降低了其不可恢复柔量与劲度模量,即改善了混合生物沥青的高温稳定性与低温抗裂性,且此结果与FS复数模量主曲线结果相一致;生物沥青可有效增溶聚合物改性剂并增强聚合物相网络结构,从而显著提升沥青复合改性效果;对混合生物沥青进行SBS/橡胶粉复合改性后未出现新的特征吸收峰,此复合改性过程属于物理变化;沥青厂生产的复合改性沥青性能优于实验室水平制备的复合改性沥青。     

BRT专用车道站台段钢桥面铺装的一种解决方案

BRT专用车道的定点停车位作为铺装的薄弱点,若铺装层的高温动稳定性不足将造成该处形成剪切推移、车辙等病害。以贵阳市中环路为背景,对BRT专用车道站台段钢桥面铺装的四个方案进行比选,并选取热拌式沥青混凝土作为实施方案,经验证效果良好,可为国内外的类似工程提供参考。     

Bayesian network for red-light-running prediction at signalized intersections

Abstract

Red-light-running (RLR) is an important reason for the large number of intersection-related fatalities, injuries, and other losses. The accurate RLR prediction can effectively reduce crashes caused by RLR behavior. The RLR prediction is usually composed of two parts: the vehicle’s stop-or-go behavior and the arrival time when the vehicle reaches the stop line. Previous stop-or-go prediction models are usually based on embedded traffic sensors using machine learning algorithms. While based on the continuous trajectories collected by radar sensors, RLR prediction can be conducted more effectively. In this paper, a probabilistic stop-or-go prediction model based on the Bayesian network (BN) is proposed for RLR prediction. We extend the deterministic output into the probabilistic output, which provides decision-makers with greater autonomy. The causality of BN improves the interpretability of the prediction model. The BN model is calibrated and tested by the continuous trajectories data measured by radar sensors installed at a signalized intersection. We not only consider the movement measurements of individual vehicles (e.g., speed and acceleration), but also take into account the car-following behavior. As a comparison, different machine learning models and the model based on the inductive loop detection (ILD) are adopted. The results show that the proposed BN model has a high prediction accuracy and performs better in the feature interpretation. This paper provides a new way for probabilistic RLR prediction based on continuous trajectories, which will significantly improve traffic safety of signalized intersections.     

Virtual prototype simulation on underwater hydraulic impingement shovel

The virtual prototype technology is applied to the design of the hydraulic impingement shovel, which is to increase the reliability of the design. The work principle of hydraulic impingement shovel is expatiated, and its dynamic equations are established. The 3D model of virtual prototype is built by PRO/E. Then the couple between the mechanical body of prototype and the hydraulic system is completed by virtue of ADAMS. Finally, the simulation is made on the virtual prototype. The simulation results show that the design of underwater hydraulic impingement shovel is rational. The virtual prototype technology could lay sound foundation of successful manufacturing of physical prototype for the first time and offer highly effective and feasible means for the design and production of underwater equipments.     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

Using a SVM to evaluate damage to vibration isolators in an elastic raft system

Predicting damage to vibration isolators in a raft experiencing heavy shock loadings from explosions is an important task when designing a raft system. It is also vital to be able to research the vulnerability of heavily shocked floating rafts unreliable, especially when the allowable values The conventional approach to prediction has been or ultimate values of vibration isolators of supposedly uniform standard in a raft actually have differing and uncertain values due to defective workmanship. A new model for predicting damage to vibration isolators in a shocked floating raft system is presented in this paper. It is based on a support vector machine（SVM）, which uses Artificial Intelligence to characterize complicated nonlinear mapping between the impacting environment and damage to the vibration isolators. The effectiveness of the new method for predicting damage was illustrated by numerical simulations, and shown to be effective when relevant parameters of the model were chosen reasonably. The effect determining parameters, including kernel function and penalty factors, has on prediction results is also discussed. It can be concluded that the SVM will probably become a valid tool to study damage or vulnerability in a shocked raft system.     

BIM技术在某大型码头设计中的应用研究

以某大型码头项目设计为案例,搭建云端协同平台开展各专业的BIM协同设计,基于三维可视化的场景,对项目方案进行了设计优化。各专业模型通过云端协同方式实时链接进行总装,项目协调员根据设计成果进行碰撞检测,及时发现设计问题。同时,针对BIM在设计阶段及施工阶段的需求,对BIM设计软件中的部分功能进行了二次开发,拓展BIM应用价值,更好地推动BIM技术在项目全生命周期中的落地和工程信息的流转。结合BIM技术在本项目的研究与应用,本文总结出了一套行之有效的BIM设计应用技术路线和解决方案,为BIM技术在码头设计中的应用与推广提供实际借鉴意义。     

乘用车车身水管理设计综述

为提升乘用车车身的防水能力,探讨了车身湿区的水管理方法和阻止车外的水进入车身干区的水管理方法.首先明确了车身湿区、干区的定义和车身湿区、干区的分界面,然后阐述了车身外部的导水、排水设计,后续章节重点分析了外界的水进入车身内部的各类途径,和各类进水途径的封堵方法,最后总结出与防水相关的试验是判定车身密封性能高低的依据.综...