由于混合动力汽车与传统燃油车的能耗排放因子具有差异性,导致机动车交通路网能耗排放的量化评估存在不确定性。本文建立混合动力汽车在实际交通状态中的能耗和CO2排放因子测算模型,基于车辆比功率VSP(Vehicle Specific Power)作为车辆行驶状态与能耗排放之间耦合关系的表征参数。通过引入内燃机转速区分内燃机开启和关闭工作状态,并计算内燃机开启状态下VSP对应的平均能耗率,同时,建立能够解析混合动力汽车能耗排放产生机理的VSP分布。通过收集典型行驶工况下车辆测试油耗数据和北京市车辆实际行驶轨迹数据,验证了模型的准确性,并应用模型测算混合动力汽车不同速度区间下的油耗和CO2排放因子。研究结果表明:在城市行驶工况(UDDS)和高速行驶工况(HWY)中,模型测算能耗排放因子与真实值的平均相对误差分别为3.7%和-1.7%,与不考虑内燃机开启状态相比,测算误差减少5.6%和4.3%;在实际交通状态下,采用传统燃油车的测算方法会导致混合动力汽车行驶平均速度为高速区间时油耗和CO2排放量被低估,当行驶平均速度为低速区间时油耗和CO2排放量会被高估。 相似文献
This study develops a new comprehensive pattern recognition modeling framework that leverages activity data to derive clusters of homogeneous daily activity patterns, for use in activity-based travel demand modeling. The pattern recognition model is applied to time use data from the large Halifax STAR household travel diary survey. Several machine learning techniques not previously employed in travel behavior analysis are used within the pattern recognition modeling framework. Pattern complexity of activity sequences in the dataset was recognized using the FCM algorithm, and resulted in identification of twelve unique clusters of homogeneous daily activity patterns. We then analysed inter-dependencies in each identified cluster and characterized the cluster memberships through their socio-demographic attributes using the CART classifier. Based on the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals we were able to correctly identify which cluster individuals belonged to, and also predict various information related to their activities, such as start time, duration, travel distance, and travel mode, for use in activity-based travel demand modeling. To execute the pattern recognition model, the 24-h activity patterns are split into 288 three dimensional 5 min intervals. Each interval includes information on activity types, duration, start time, location, and travel mode if applicable. Results from aggregated statistical evaluation and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests indicate that there is heterogeneous diversity among identified clusters in terms of temporal distribution, and substantial differences in a variety of socio-demographic variables. The homogeneous clusters identified in this study may be used to more accurately predict the scheduling behavior of specific population groups in activity-based modeling, and hence to improve prediction of the times and locations of their travel demands. Finally, the results of this study are expected to be implemented within the activity-based travel demand model, Scheduler for Activities, Locations, and Travel (SALT).