“船舶结构与设备”教学优化的探讨

以自身教学实践分析"船舶结构与设备"课程的教学情况,从课程教学重点、教学方法、教师能力、学校等方面进行探讨,提出二手实物教学方法和校企联合培养手段的改革来优化课堂教学效果和学生实践能力。     

沥青路面再生技术的应用及其社会经济效益分析

常规的沥青路面养护维修方式会产生大量的旧沥青路面废弃材料,对环境造成不良影响,不仅增加了工程投资,也造成巨大的资源压力。该文以安徽省干线公路沥青路面再生技术为例,分析了沥青路面厂拌热再生技术、水泥就地冷再生技术、全深式厂拌冷再生技术在安徽省干线公路养护维修中所带来的巨大社会、环境和经济效益。     

CORS系统在航道工程测量中的应用

CORS系统在航道工程测量方面的应用前景十分广阔,该文介绍了CORS系统技术的基本原理,在航道工程测量中的应用以及与常规RTK相比所具有的特点。通过工程实例,展示CORS系统在超长作业区域中体现出的优越性能,阐述了CORS系统发展趋势。     

Verification of a simplified analytical method for predictions of ship groundings over large contact surfaces by numerical simulations

In this paper, a verification is presented of a simplified analytical method for the predictions from numerical simulations of structural performance during ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. This simplified analytical method was developed by Lin Hong and Jørgen Amdahl and calculates grounding characteristics, such as resistance and distortion energy, for double-bottomed ships in shoal grounding accidents. Two finite-element models are presented. One was built for a hold, and the other was built for a hold and a ship hull girder and also considers sectional properties, ship mass, added mass and the hydrodynamic restoring force. The verification was completed by comparing horizontal and vertical resistances and the distortion energy between seven numerical-simulation cases and a set of corresponding cases computed by a simplified analytical method. The results show that the resistances obtained by the simplified analytical method are close to the mean values of the resistance curves obtained by numerical simulations. The comparisons prove that the energy dissipation-prediction capability of the simplified analytical method is valuable. Thus, the simplified analytical method is feasible for assessing ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. Furthermore, studies of the influence of ship motion during groundings ascertained that ship motion affects structural performance characteristics. Resistances are lessened at the end of the grounding due to the reduction of indentations caused by heave and pitch motions of the ship hull girder. Finally, a new method for predicting the structural performance of the time-consuming complete-ship model by applying a combination of normal numerical simulations and ship-motion calculations is proposed and proven.     

单船动态风险评估模糊推理系统的设计与模拟

对在航船舶进行动态的风险评估,分析影响船舶安全航行的风险因素,构建了船舶风险评估模型,定义了各项风险因素的隶属函数,并参考专家经验建立模糊推理规则.按照建立的模型,在MATLAB平台上运用模糊推理系统构建风险评估系统,并应用该系统对在航船舶进行定量风险评估.实例证明,该系统能够合理地评估在航船舶的整体风险水平,为驾驶员决策提供参考,具有应用潜力.     

船舶浅水水动力导数的数值计算

船舶浅水水动力导数对研究浅水中船舶操纵性有重要的意义.以“Mariner”船模为研究对象,采用Realiz-ablek-ε湍流模型来封闭RANS方程,运用SIMPLE算法,对两种水深的浅水定漂角、定舵角、纯艏摇试验进行了数值模拟.实现了浅水水动力导数的求取,并将计算结果与模型试验结果进行对比,验证了方法的有效性.     

行人保护头型冲击器有限元建模方法研究

通过对行人保护法规试验有限元仿真所用的头型冲击器建模方法进行研究,提出一种快速准确建立头型冲击器有限元模型的方法.该方法通过确定不同头型冲击器的关键影响设计参数,推导头型冲击器法规所要求的质量、质心坐标和转动惯量方程,从而确定头型冲击器的几何参数;根据法规对头型冲击器跌落、侧向冲击及频率的要求,确定了头型冲击器有限元模型材料参数.有限元模型验证结果显示,所提出的头型冲击器有限元建模方法有效.     

乘用车车内降噪的试验研究

针对某国产乘用车车内噪声较大问题,通过道路试验测量并评价其噪声水平,通过模态分析和频谱分析手段分析判断噪声的主要来源及其传递途径,并提出了相应的降噪措施,即用隔音效果更好的聚酯棉代替原结构的 ABS 板等材料.对比试验表明,实施降噪措施后,车内噪声水平得到明显改善.     

合成道路谱在四通道整车道路模拟试验中的应用

介绍了一种基于路面不平度输入的合成道路谱生成方法,以某款车为例,分析了合成道路谱在四通道整车道路模拟试验台上的模拟质量。试验结果表明,对垂直载荷敏感的通道模拟精度良好,大部分相对载荷为0.5~2.0,与实际载荷测量的波动范围一致。合成道路谱可作为四通道的垂直载荷激励,能够对整车车身和内、外饰件等零部件进行快速质量评价。     

混合器对车用柴油机尿素SCR系统性能影响的试验研究

通过试验研究了混合器对车用柴油机尿素选择催化还原系统性能的影响.试验结果表明,排气流量和排气管径对压力损失影响较大,而温度的影响相对较小;安装混合器不但促进还原剂与排气的混合,而且使还原剂的分布更加均匀,从而提高了NOx的转化率,最大提高约10%.