Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.     

An activity-based approach of investigating travel behaviour of older people

The paper presents the results of an investigation on daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour of older people by using an advanced econometric model and a household travel survey, collected in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Canada in 2011. The activity-travel scheduling model considers a dynamic time–space constrained scheduling process. The key contribution of the paper is to reveal daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour through a comprehensive econometric framework. The resulting empirical model reveals many behavioural details. These include the role that income plays in moderating out-of-home time expenditure choices of older people. Older people in the highest and lowest income categories tend to have lower variations in time expenditure choices than those in middle-income categories. Overall, the time expenditure choices become more stable with increasing age, indicating that longer activity durations and lower activity frequency become more prevalent with increasing age. Daily activity type and location choices reveal a clear random utility-maximizing rational behaviour of older people. It is clear that increasing spatial accessibility to various activity locations is a crucial factor in defining daily out-of-home activity participation of older people. It is also clear that the diversity of out-of-home activity type choices reduces with increasing age and older people are more sensitive to auto travel time than to transit or non-motorized travel time.     

对农村公路建设招投标评标办法的思考

分析了传统的合理最低评标价法的利弊,探讨与论证了新兴的合理定价评审抽取法在农村公路建设中的运用和发展。在农村公路建设招标活动中不断摸索和实践的合理定价评审抽取法,维护了公开、公正和公平的基本原则,实现了建设项目经济效益和社会效益的利润最大化。     

沥青路面力学响应的季节性变化研究

为使对路面结构的分析和设计更加符合实际情况,需要考虑季节性的变化．针对某一柔性基层沥青路面结构进行分析,通过室内试验确定了各层沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线和时间温度换算因子,并确定了路面结构内温度场和动态模量的分布和变化,进而计算了路面结构关键响应随时间的变化情况．分析了路表弯沉、沥青层底拉应变和土基顶面压应变季节性波动情况,并在满足工程精度要求下,确定了响应的关键位置.     

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公路建设对自然生态系统造成了负面影响，为了将其对环造的影响降到最低，恢复项目环境影响区建设前的生态状况，使土地被赋予符合可持续发展的新用途，必须进行景观生态重建。本文立足中国国情，借鉴国外公路、矿区景观生态重建的经验，结合可持续发展的原则，论述了公路景观生态重建过程中应注意的若干问题，包括景观生态重建的原则、景观生态重建的实施体系和建立重建效果评价指标体系等，力求为国内公路的景观生态重建提供依据。     

船用推进变频调速装置保护技术研究

推进变频调速装置是船用电力推进系统关键组成部分,一旦损坏不能正常运行,将导致全船整个推进系统瘫痪,失去前进动力。基于推进变频调速装置在船用电力推进系统中的重要使命,本文针对船用变频调速装置可能存在的故障类型进行了分析,提出了相应故障类型的保护要求,给出了保护方法,并对关键保护技术进行了试验验证。试验结果满足设计要求,证明了保护方法的可实现与有效,提高了船用动力系统的可靠性,具有较高的理论研究价值和工程应用价值。     

求解多峰性函数全局最优解的进化算法及其应用研究

本又针对简单遗传算法（SGA）在解决多峰性函数最优化问题存在的不足，提出了一种分配区间型进化算法，能够求出多峰性函数所有全局最优解及多个局部最优解。通过十几个多峰性函数与工程实例的数值实验，验证了算法的正确性。对简易海洋平台进行了疲劳可靠性优化设计为算例，取得了满意的结果。     

淤泥质海岸外航道淤积计算

利用水流泥沙榆移方程和淤积公式建立了淤泥质海岸上外航道淤积计算公式,通过水槽实验和数值模拟对公式中的参教作了修订,公式计算结果与物模、数模、现场的资料及规范推荐的公式结果一致.     

耙吸式挖泥船泥浆与管道输送的建模与仿真

建立耙吸式挖泥船泥浆与管道输送的数学模型,在MATLAB/SIMULINK下建立相应的仿真模型.实例仿真结果表示,根据不同情况,通过控制泥泵的转速以控制泥浆在管道串的流速,可以提高其工作效率.     

桥梁深水钻孔灌注桩施工技术

随着大型跨海、跨江桥梁的相继建设,桥梁跨度越来越大,对基础的要求也越来越高,超长、大直径的钻孔灌注桩已被广泛应用于大型深水桥梁建设中。结合工程实例,介绍大型桥梁深水钻孔灌注桩施工技术及其施工过程中的关键控制要点。