锚贴U形钢板-混凝土组合加固RC梁的抗弯试验

为了研究锚贴U形钢板-混凝土组合加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能,设计5根加固梁和1根对比梁进行抗弯试验。试件的主要设计参数包括有无加载历史、钢板纵向加固长度、钢板厚度和螺杆间距。加载仪器采用1 000 kN梁柱加载系统,应变采集使用静态应变分析系统,挠度采用机电百分表测量。试验过程中,观测记录试验梁在荷载作用下截面应变、跨中挠度、加固部分与原混凝土之间的相对滑移、裂缝的产生与发展。基于平截面假定,推导试验梁的极限抗弯承载力计算公式,并对比模型试验与理论分析结果。试验结果表明：与未加固的对比梁相比,锚贴U形钢板-混凝土组合加固后的试验梁其开裂弯矩提高近50%,极限抗弯承载力提高约1倍;钢板纵向加固长度对梁的整体刚度有显著的影响,加固范围越大刚度提升越显著;加固范围应充分考虑加固部分截断处截面的抗剪能力,避免使试件从塑性弯曲破坏模式变成脆性剪切破坏模式;对比螺杆间距15 cm与30 cm试验梁的结果发现,只要符合构造要求的螺杆间距对试件的承载能力影响很小,但对裂缝开展有一定的影响,螺杆间距越密其裂缝开展明显变小;随着加固钢板面积增大,抗弯承载力也随之提高。针对加固后适筋破坏的RC梁,推导了极限抗弯承载力计算公式,利用公式计算出的极限抗弯承载力的理论值与试验值相对差值均在10%以内。     

铁路隧道使用凿岩台车与风钻钻爆的比较研究

为进一步分析研究高铁隧道凿岩台车与风钻钻爆的优劣及适用性问题,以郑万高铁小三峡隧道工程为依托,介绍风钻钻爆 的施工应用情况及凿岩台车钻爆在施工应用方面的制约因素,并从施工工效、人员配置、安全性、超欠挖控制、成本投入等方面对比 分析。 主要研究结论如下: 1)采用凿岩台车钻爆,在硬岩条件下钻爆速度较快,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级围岩可通过工法调整来提高凿岩台车的施 工效率,遇软弱围岩时应慎重选用; 2)凿岩台车钻爆与风钻钻爆相比,劳动强度低、节省劳动力、安全风险小等方面具有突出成效; 3)理论分析凿岩台车钻爆较风钻钻爆平均线性超挖小,但实际施工过程中却反之,可通过加强管理来缩小与人工钻爆之间的超挖 差距; 4)凿岩台车对风钻钻爆的优势显而易见,随着隧道施工机械化进程不断地发展,将来一段时间凿岩台车钻爆替代风钻钻爆 施工是未来地下工程开挖的发展方向之一。     

大跨悬索桥MTMD抖振控制的参数优化

针对悬索桥抖振控制问题,建立有限元模型,应用神经网络和遗传算法对多重调频质量阻尼器(MTMD)进行双参数优化。以某大跨悬索桥为例,利用神经网络改进的谐波合成模拟方法(RBF-WAWS法)对脉动风速进行模拟,并换算成抖振力作用主梁上,通过时程分析及后处理获取主跨跨中横桥向响应值。将响应值的均方差作为优化目标函数,以MTMD总质量、个数及阻尼比作为优化变量和约束条件,采用神经网络拟合目标函数并应用改进的自适应遗传算法进行寻优。结果表明,优化后的MTMD能有效控制悬索桥在脉动风作用下的抖振响应,减振率达48%。提出的理论与计算方法对悬索桥中MTMD的设置及参数选取具有实际工程意义。     

沥青路面综合养护车的技术改进

采用综合功能的养护车对沥青路面施行养护,可使沥青路面的养护作业实现快速进入、快速作业及快速转移的"三快"目的。涉及该类养护车的几项主要技术改进。     

山西平遥至榆社高速公路穿越自然保护区路段的生态环境影响评价

结合山西平遥至榆社高速公路的环境影响评价工作,通过对拟穿越超山自然保护区路段生态环境现状的调查,论述了公路建设可能对生态环境造成的影响,并提出了相应的措施和建议。     

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

双管同沟技术中的土壤温度场的计算

用数值模拟来研究冷成品油管对恒稳态热油管热量的传递问题,使用西部管道作为研究对象.在研究中,主要使用新疆北部的埋地管道和90#汽油.通过导热方程计算不同条件下的成品油管和原油管土壤温度场的变化情况.用三节点单元格对管道土壤进行模拟.根据模拟图得出结论.     

管道外腐蚀直接评价（ECDA）在阴极保护中的应用

在城市埋地燃气钢质管道中,运用ECDA对阴极保护系统出现问题的管段进行了综合评价.在间接检测与评价中,使用多频管中电流法(RD-PCM)查找、定位管道防腐层的破损点及管道与其他构筑物的搭接点并进行处理,使管道阴极保护有效发挥作用.     

The impact of climate change and weather on transport: An overview of empirical findings

This paper presents a survey of the empirical literature on the effects of climate change and weather conditions on the transport sector. Despite mixed evidence on many issues, several patterns can be observed. On a global scale especially shifts in tourism and agricultural production due to increased temperatures may lead to shifts in passenger and freight transport. The predicted rise in sea levels and the associated increase in frequency and intensity of storm surges and flooding incidences may furthermore be some of the most worrying consequences of climate change, especially for coastal areas. Climate change related shifts in weather patterns might also cause infrastructure disruptions. Clear patterns are that precipitation affects road safety by increasing accident frequency but decreasing severity. Precipitation also increases congestion, especially during peak hours. Furthermore, an increased frequency of low water levels may considerably increase costs of inland waterway transport. Despite these insights, the net impact of climate change on generalised costs of the various transport modes are uncertain and ambiguous, with a possible exception for inland waterway transport.