The coastal edge of the Northeast Water polynya in spring 1993

Multidisciplinary, marine ecological observations were conducted at the shallow water edge of the Northeast Water in June, 1993. Although variable in size and shape, a small polynya was constantly present at Eskimonaes, at the fast-ice edge of Ingolfsfjord. A shallow stratified layer developed at the water sufface at negative water and air temperatures—an effect of sea ice melting in cold water early in the season. Nutrients were recorded in considerable quantities, although by mid July NO₃ had become depleted. The chlorophyll and phytoplankton maxima at 8–12 m depth had peak values of 2 mg chl a m⁻³, typical for Arctic algal blooms. The phytoplankton included over 90 species and was dominated by the Fragillariopsis group. Zooplankton was poor in biomass and density, but over 23 taxa were found, with the copepods Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus acuspes being numerically dominant. Sedimentation was approximately 0.2 g dry weight m⁻² d⁻¹ and suspended matter concentrations ranged from 4 to 19 mg l⁻¹. The benthos was represented by hard bottom forms only, with a surprisingly dense cover of macrophytes. Juvenile sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), brittle stars (Ophiocten sericeum) and amphipods were dominant. Higher trophic levels were represented by benthic feeders, such as eiders and walruses. The area observed was more similar to high Arctic fjord ecosystems than to the offshore central Northeast Water polynya.     

Eddies around Madagascar — The retroflection re-considered

The Agulhas Current with its retroflection and attendant eddy-shedding is the cause of some of the greatest mesoscale variability in the ocean. This paper considers the area to the south and east of Madagascar, which provides some of the source waters of the Agulhas Current, and examines the propagating sea surface height signals in altimetry and output from a numerical model, OCCAM. Both show bands of variability along the axis of the East Madagascar Current (EMC) and along a zonal band near 25°S. Sequences of images plus associated temperature data suggest that a number of westward-propagating eddies are present in this zonal band. The paper then focuses on the region to the south of the island, where ocean colour and infra-red imagery are evocative of an East Madagascar Retroflection. The synthesis of data analysed in this paper, however, shows that remotely observed features in this area can be explained by anticyclonic eddies moving westward through the region, and this explanation is consistent with numerical model output and the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

板式无碴轨道用CA砂浆的关键技术

从对CA砂浆(水泥-沥青砂浆)垫层的要求出发,比较国产和日本的CA砂浆性能,阐述CA砂浆及专用乳化沥青的关键技术。我国的无碴轨道研究开发已经有了多年的基础,完成了一系列从试验室试验到现场试验、改进试验、再上道试验的过程,确立“从最终的使用性能要求出发”这一新概念进行CA砂浆的设计;通过对CA砂浆集料性质的反演,研究集料的特性,进行混合料设计和性能分析,确定新材料的合理配方;按照使用性能要求研究CA砂浆的质量检验方法。采用阳离子乳化剂进行沥青的乳化,增强合成材料的包容性;使用高分子聚合物材料作为添加剂进行沥青改性,改进沥青的结构—力学性能;设计适应不同温度地区使用的材料配方和添加剂;指出CA砂浆的制备和施工设备必须专业化,以满足大规模生产和施工时稳定CA砂浆质量的要求。建议从使用性能出发,建立CA砂浆的质量检验标准体系。     

GLUTAMATE－IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN MEDULLARY RAPHE－CEREBELLUM PATHWAY IN THE KITTEN

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Regional impacts of new transport infrastructure: a multisectoral potentials approach

This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The potentials approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line.     

国内外城市轨道站点区域联动 开发规划与实施案例分析

城市轨道站点与周边土地的联动开发是实现二者协调发展的关键因素之一,对城市经济和交通都具有积 极作用。对国内外城市轨道站点区域联动开发进行总结分析有助于指导中国轨道站点区域的联动开发。从产权和 城市经济学视角,将轨道站点联动开发分为内外联动和上下联动两类,并进行了相关界定。分别结合日本联动开 发政策以及涩谷站数据、上海联动开发政策和打浦桥站区域数据,对内外联动和上下联动的规划和实施途径及其 在中国的适用性进行了分析。最后,参考更多经典的联动开发案例,对比分析了国内外城市轨道站点区域联动开 发的实施机制及特征;并从政策和规划设计两个角度深入阐述对中国联动开发的启示。研究结果表明,中国可采 用“政府统筹、市场执行”的模式;根据中国土地所有制度,探索“集约换使用权”“整体出让使用权”等多样 化的土地管理模式,有利于成本分担和收益共享的反哺策略;制定配套且细化的技术规范,进行立体化、多样化、 一体化衔接设计。     

一种采用改进半桥主电路的有源滤波器

在分析双电感半桥电路的基础上,提出了一种基于改进半桥拓扑结构的新型有源电力滤波器,它消除了传统有源滤波器拓扑的桥臂直通故障隐患,且具有可高频、高效率运行的优点。文章详细分析了其工作原理,给出了相应的控制策略。仿真和实验结果验证了这种新型有源滤波器的可行性。     

基于环向裂纹法的气垫平台破冰载荷数值模拟

气垫船因其独特的船体构造能适应冰面、水面、陆地等多种环境,也可以很好地完成运送物资、救援、破冰等任务.设计气垫破冰船或者破冰平台时,冰载荷预报对于总体和船身结构安全十分重要.本文利用理想化破冰假设,基于环向裂纹法求解气垫平台在低速下在全冰面上破冰过程中所受的冰力;基于直径为50 m的气垫平台在不同气垫压力的情况下进行破冰过程的数值模拟,得到了在低速下不同气垫压力大小时的冰力时历图.通过分析冰力时历图,可认为气垫压力会通过影响气腔高度以及气腔扩散半径来影响气垫平台低速破冰时的冰力,且当气腔扩散半径等于冰碎裂半径时,冰力达到最小值.     

极地油船结构增重及其对经济性的影响

以某型满足PC4级的11万吨级极地航行原油船为研究对象,在分析冰区设计载荷的基础上,分别采用规范计算法和直接计算法对冰带区结构进行强度评估,并分析冰区结构质量增加情况.在此基础上,探索性研究PC1～PC7冰级对冰带区结构质量的影响,以及结构增重对船舶经济性的影响.研究成果可供极地船舶设计参考.     

城市轨道交通乘务排班计划方案评价方法

城市轨道交通乘务排班计划是在给定运行图的基础上制定乘务人员的工作计划,其优劣程度对城市轨道交通的运营效率和成本具有显著影响。目前有关乘务排班计划的评价方法方面还缺少深入细致的研究。在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,选取相关标准的符合程度、班次间的均衡程度和方案的费用大小这三个方面对城市轨道交通乘务排班计划进行评价,之后采用熵权法确定综合权重来进行综合评价。最后对三个实际方案进行了案例分析,验证了乘务排班计划方案评价方法的可行性。