Robust lane markings detection and road geometry computation

Detection of lane markings based on a camera sensor can be a low-cost solution to lane departure and curve-over-speed warnings. A number of methods and implementations have been reported in the literature. However, reliable detection is still an issue because of cast shadows, worn and occluded markings, variable ambient lighting conditions, for example. We focus on increasing detection reliability in two ways. First, we employed an image feature other than the commonly used edges: ridges, which we claim addresses this problem better. Second, we adapted RANSAC, a generic robust estimation method, to fit a parametric model of a pair of lane lines to the image features, based on both ridgeness and ridge orientation. In addition, the model was fitted for the left and right lane lines simultaneously to enforce a consistent result. Four measures of interest for driver assistance applications were directly computed from the fitted parametric model at each frame: lane width, lane curvature, and vehicle yaw angle and lateral offset with regard the lane medial axis. We qualitatively assessed our method in video sequences captured on several road types and under very different lighting conditions. We also quantitatively assessed it on synthetic but realistic video sequences for which road geometry and vehicle trajectory ground truth are known.     

Robust optimization design method for powertrain mounting systems based on six sigma quality control criteria

This paper presents a robust optimization design method based on Six Sigma quality control criteria to improve the design of a powertrain mounting system (PMS). The powertrain is modeled as a rigid body having six degrees of freedom (DOF) connected to a rigid base by four rubber mounts, and each mount is simplified as a three-dimensional spring-damper element in its local coordinate system (LCS). The calculation method based on energy decoupling is used to estimate the decoupling ratios of a PMS. The location and static stiffness of each mount and the orientations of the two anti-torsion mounts are selected as uncertain design variables, and the nominal values of these design variables are optimized to obtain a robust Six Sigma design for a PMS. The uncertain design variables are characterized by a perturbation or percent variation around their nominal values. The generalized reduced gradient (LSGRG2) optimization method is employed to solve the robust optimization problem, and a second-order Taylor series expansion is used to estimate the statistical properties of the performance constraints and objectives. The optimization results show that the robust design ensures good robustness or high reliability for the natural frequencies, decoupling ratios, and frequency separation constraints of a PMS.     

Simple estimation of high-frequency radiation from a muffler shell

The acoustic design of exhaust mufflers has mainly focused on reducing the discharge noise from the tailpipe. However, the noise that is transmitted through the muffler jacket and the endplate becomes important since the muffler reduces the amount of discharge noise when it has an optimized design. It is known that the contribution to the overall exhaust noise of the muffler shell is significant in the mid- and high-frequency ranges. The current problem is that there are no appropriate computational tools at high frequencies. A simple method to analyze the 1/3-octave band of sound radiating from an arbitrary shape (like a muffler) was employed to predict the band spectrum of the radiated noise. The calculation method included formulating the boundary integral, which was modified into a quadratic form in order to enable the prediction of the intensity levels in a band analysis. Monopole and dipole source terms in the conventional BEM were transformed into the auto- and cross-spectra of the two vibrating sources, in which the cross-spectra could be eventually omitted by assuming that the correlation coefficients were negligible. The method was adopted in an abrupt calculation of the shell noise in 1/3-octave band levels without nonuniqueness problem. In comparison with the measured data, the simulation result showed roughly 3-dB errors at most of the field points, excluding several special points that were normal to the shell and exhibited a maximum 5-dB error.     

钢轨打磨技术研究进展

介绍了有关钢轨打磨的理论、技术和应用成果,论述了钢轨打磨技术与轮轨接触疲劳、磨耗、噪声、润滑之间的关系和相互作用模型.基于现有的国外钢轨维修成本的经济学模型,提出了加入打磨设备折旧费用的钢轨维修成本综合经济学模型.建议未来的研究重点:开展基于现场实践的快速电脑程序优化的打磨钢轨型面研究;开展能够综合考虑车辆轨道耦合动力学和经济学指标钢轨打磨方案的优化研究;开展不同工况的打磨参数和打磨工艺研究.     

轮对安装误差对铁道车辆行车安全性的影响

为研究轮对安装误差对行车安全性的影响,建立了具有轮对安装误差的车辆动力学模型.以某高速车辆在直线上运行为例,用此模型分析各种安装误差对行车安全性的影响.分析结果表明:轮轴平行度误差对行车安全性影响较大,应严格控制;对角线误差对行车安全性的影响较小.     

微注射成形实验与数值模拟

为研究注射料的流动性和模腔形状的复制能力,加工了含有微流道的模具,在微注射系统上进行了微注射实验.应用基于矢量化显式算法的程序,在不同壁面边界条件下,对微注射实验进行了模拟.结果表明:在注射料温度220 ℃、模具温度40 ℃、注射流量为20 mm3/s、注射时间1 s、保压时间10 s的注射工艺条件下,聚丙烯能较好的复制长5 mm,宽1.5 mm和厚0.8 mm的微流道形状.采用滑移边界条件的微注射模拟结果与实验结果一致,说明微注射中存在边界滑移速度.     

沥青混凝土路面抗滑性能的影响因素及检测方法

在分析沥青混凝土路面的抗滑性能影响因素的基础上,提出在检测路面抗滑性能时,应根据竣工验收和路面养护的不同要求,采取不同的试验检测方法,具有一定的实际意义。     

综合客运枢纽换乘量预测方法及其适用性分析

换乘量预测是交通枢纽规划的关键,是换乘站各种交通方式运营调度的前提.在总结现有预测方法——基于集计与非集计的预测方法的优缺点的基础上,针对枢纽管理的不同需求提出分时段预测、换乘量短时预测、分担率类比预测等预测方法,并应用于辽阳市客运枢纽换乘量的预测分析.从客运枢纽的建设阶段(已建成与未建成)、换乘预测方法构建的难易程度、基础资料准备过程等方面对各方法的适应性进行比较,扩展客运枢纽换乘量预测的研究思路.      

卵砾石层管推进工程超挖及卡钻对管材与土壤互制行为的影响研究

非明挖工法在都市施作时,常因困难地质(如卵砾石层)或障碍物而造成施工困难、工期延误或发生灾损。本文主要针对非明挖施工法里的管推进施工法(Pipe-jacking Method),探讨管推进工法施工时可能遭遇的困难,以及施工困难状况下之管材土体互制行为。探讨的施工困难包括超挖、挤压、卡钻等问题。本研究针对超挖范围、卡钻位置、阻力大小以及推进力施加位置等,以ABAQUS有限元素软件进行三维数值仿真,探讨直线推进施工中的问题。     

基于步行到站者出行时间的独立BRT走廊站距优化模型

BRT站距影响乘客到达BRT 站点所花费的平均时间,这种影响对步行到站者的出行显得尤为明显。首先,对BRT走廊辐射区域进行了细致的解析,以到站时间受站距影响较大的步行到站者为研究对象,分析步行到站者的平均到站时间,得到了步行到站平均时间同站距的函数关系。在此基础上,以增加站点数量造成的平均步行到站时间减少同BRT车辆运行时间的增加两者之间的平衡为目标,建立了BRT走廊站距优化模型,给出了模型参数的标定方法。该模型对BRT 影响区进行细化,更加符合实际情况,能为BRT实际设站提供一定的参考。