Subjective absolute discomfort threshold due to idle vibration in passenger vehicles according to sitting posture

Idle vibration, occurring when a vehicle comes to a stop while the engine is on, is known to be a main cause of discomfort for passengers, and the customer effect has been recently growing. The frequency of idle vibration is determined by the engine type. To lower the vibration, various technologies have been applied to optimize the engine mount and vehicle body structure. In addition to the technological developments, research on human response with a consideration of idle vibration is needed to effectively reduce the level of discomfort experienced by passengers. Seats aimed at enhancing static comfort influence the sitting posture of passengers; sitting posture is a factor affecting human body characteristics that response to idle vibration. This study examined the absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration according to the sitting postures of 13 taxi drivers. The four sitting postures of subjects on a rigid-body seat without a backrest were variables in the determination of absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration. The absolute discomfort threshold curves obtained in this experiment were less sensitive to frequency changes than the frequency weighting function of ISO 2631-1.     

In-depth understanding of lane changing interactions for in-vehicle driving assistance systems

Lane-changing events are often related with safety concern and traffic operational efficiency due to complex interactions with neighboring vehicles. In particular, lane changes in stop-and-go traffic conditions are of keen interest because these events lead to higher risk of crash occurrence caused by more frequent and abrupt vehicle acceleration and deceleration. From these perspectives, in-depth understanding of lane changes would be of keen interest in developing in-vehicle driving assistance systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze vehicle interactions using vehicle trajectories and to identify factors affecting lane changes with stop-and-go traffic conditions. This study used vehicle trajectory data obtained from a segment of the US-101 freeway in Southern California, as a part of the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project. Vehicle trajectories were divided into two groups; with stop-and-go and without stop-and-go traffic conditions. Binary logistic regression (BLR), a well-known technique for dealing with the binary choice condition, was adopted to establish lane-changing decision models. Regarding lane changes without stop-and-go traffic conditions, it was identified based on the odd ratio investigation that he subject vehicle driver is more likely to pay attention to the movement of vehicles ahead, regardless of vehicle positions such as current and target lanes. On the other hand, the subject vehicle driver in stop-and-go traffic conditions is more likely to be affected by vehicles traveling on the target lane when deciding lane changes. The two BLR models are adequate for lane-changing decisions in normal and stop-and-go traffic conditions with about 80 % accuracy. A possible reason for this finding is that the subject vehicle driver has a tendency to pay greater attention to avoiding sideswipe or rear-end collision with vehicles on the target lane. These findings are expected to be used for better understanding of driver’s lane changing behavior associated with congested stop-and-go traffic conditions, and give valuable insights in developing algorithms to process sensor data in designing safer lateral maneuvering assistance systems, which include, for example, blind spot detection systems (BSDS) and lane keeping assistance systems (LKAS).     

基于前景理论和直觉模糊集的编组站布局调整决策研究

为提升编组站布局调整方案的决策水平,考虑未来不同的运输需求增长状态对决策者行为心理的影响,提出基于前景理论与直觉模糊集的编组站布局调整决策模型。首先,构建编组站布局调整方案比选指标体系,涵盖空间分布的合理性、适应性、协调性、对社会的影响、经济性5个指标层;其次,利用直觉模糊集表征决策者对方案属性的主观评价值及犹豫度,并构造得分函数得到方案属性的综合得分值;然后,引入前景理论考虑决策者在不同运输需求增长状态下的不确定型偏好,结合灰靶决策理论构造三参照点计算编组站布局调整方案的综合前景价值;最后采用VIKOR决策方法对方案进行优选。通过某枢纽编组站布局调整实例,研究结果表明,A2为最优调整方案,与实际确定方案相吻合,验证了决策模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于上海轨道交通刷卡数据的乘客出行模式研究

乘客出行模式研究是深入认识城市交通的基础性工作,也是交通规划的重要技术支撑。基于上海轨道交通刷卡数据分析网络客流特征,以轨道交通出行全过程出行链视角对进出站客流量、站间客流量、乘距等出行要素的空间模式开展研究,发现上海轨道交通进站和出站客流量分布均呈现对数正态分布特征,乘客乘距服从负二项分布特征。研究同时发现,相比于幂律分布,上海站间客流量分布更加适合采用对数正态分布拟合。此外,工作日客流和周末客流在空间分布总体形态上较为接近,工作日客流分布更为集聚,周末客流分布则更为离散。     

无网格法在青藏铁路路基温度场非线性分析中的应用研究

基于最小二乘法的无网格伽辽金法只需要节点信息而不需要单元信息,这对求解带相变的温度场这种有移动边界的非线性问题非常有利.在寒冷地区,冻融现象经常发生,因此在寒区路基传热计算中,必须考虑相变问题.本文采用无网格方法对青藏铁路一试验段路基中温度场的非线性问题进行研究.计算中,用焓法来考虑相变问题,用Lagrange乘子法施加本征边界条件,利用FORTRAN语言编写无网格法程序求得数值解.通过与实测值及有限元法得出的解相比较,结果表明:与有限元法相比较,无网格法具有所得数值解更接近实测值、收敛速度快、前后处理简单等优越性,是一种在实际工程非线性温度场计算中值得研究的方法.     

钢筋混凝土板应力计算的迭代方法

研究目的:异形板或受力复杂的混凝土板的配筋问题一直困扰着工程设计人员,而配筋不合理又是产生裂缝影响结构正常工作的一个主要原因.在采用允许应力法进行钢筋混凝土板设计时,配筋问题实际上可归结为给定外力条件下的应力计算问题,为解决这个问题提出了一种通用算法.研究结论:该算法的要点是在2个主弯矩方向上分别建立平衡方程,并采用迭代法求解非线性方程组,计算钢筋和混凝土应力.大量计算实例证明了该算法的迭代过程收敛快,结果准确,并能很好的模拟板在受力中的一些特殊行为.该计算方法在实际设计中,可计算出各荷载工况作用下所需主筋和辅筋的理论面积,进而得到钢筋面积包络图用于实际配筋.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺及其在地铁铝合金车体上的应用

简要介绍了搅拌摩擦焊工艺的原理、技术特点,对地铁铝合金车体常用材料采用搅拌摩擦焊工艺焊接的接头机械性能进行了研究,重点对10 mm6082-T6铝合金采用搅拌摩擦焊接头的拉伸性能和疲劳性能进行了研究,提出了搅拌摩擦焊工艺在地铁铝合金车体上的应用建议。     

岩体力学参数Bayes推断中验前信息的数量与融合技术研究

针对岩体力学参数Bayes统计推断时存在的多源验前信息问题,将验前信息分为数值模拟信息、相似材料信息、专家意见和历史信息四类。对验前信息属同一总体或不同总体的情况进行均值和方差估计的推导;在试验样本数量一定的情况下对验前信息的最优数据量进行探讨,得出试验样本为6的情况下,仿真验前信息量在46～150之间最好,建议取50。用实例进行验前信息的加权融合计算,结果表明加权信息融合技术为Bayes推断提供了方便。     

重载货车车轮踏面优化研究

对近期开发的基于法向间隙的车轮踏面优化方法进行改进,根据三维非赫兹滚动接触理论对轮轨间隙求解范围进行计算,使所求解的轮轨间隙具有实际的物理意义.针对我国重载货车车轮圆周磨耗严重的问题,对现有重载货车车轮踏面进行优化.利用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及三维弹性体非赫兹滚动接触理论对优化前后车轮踏面的静态接触性能及动态接触性能进行分析.结果表明:优化后轮轨界面之间可达到较好的匹配,且合理选择踏面不同区域的权数可同时保证车辆直线运行与曲线通过时的轮轨接触应力较小,从而达到有效降低轮轨磨耗的目的.     

关于动车组、城轨车辆制动控制系统密封用管螺纹深度控制及验收

目前动车组、城轨车辆制动控制系统集成板、阀体密封主要有3种形式:钢珠密封、圆柱堵头密封、密封管螺纹密封。钢珠密封和圆柱堵头密封需要将其压装到集成板、阀体内且无法拆卸,而管螺纹密封则具有很好的可拆解性,因此,应用非常广泛。针对密封管螺纹深度控制在设计、装配、验收中的问题进行分析,并在此基础上,得出密封管螺纹深度控制的验收方法。