红酒海盗—澳洲篇

“欢呼吧,你们这帮小兔崽子。因为今天,我,纵横四海的加勒比海盗船长;将带领你们去掠夺新世界最好的葡萄酒……”海盗的葡萄酒准则：品质出众 适合畅饮 价格适中（否则舍不得喝）     

Telecommuting and urban sprawl: mitigator or inciter?

There is some evidence to the effect that as cities become increasingly congested new housing starts occur at greater distances from urban centers while jobs tend to remain center-concentrated or develop in other suburbs. In either case, mean commute distances tend to increase. Telecommuting is seen as a means of increasing the jobs-housing balance in urban and suburban areas by enhancing the ability to move work to, or closer to, the workers' residences rather than requiring workers to commute to work daily. This has the immediate side effect of decreasing automobile congestion and associated energy consumption and air pollution. There is a possible longer term adverse impact of telecommuting resulting from its ability to decrease constraints on household location, thereby enhancing the rate of spread of suburbia. This paper reviews evidence concerning the possible effects of telecommuting on urban sprawl, as derived from a two-year test of telecommuting in California, and describes two scenarios of urban form development made more feasible by telecommuting.     

Variations in household transport expenditure within major Australian cities

A comparative analysis of intra‐urban variations in household transport expenditure in 1966–68 is undertaken for the two largest Australian cities, Sydney and Melbourne, and one of the smaller State capitals, Adelaide. Regional variations in transport expenditure are found to be greater the larger the city; however residents of small cities are more dependent upon the car for their motorised travel. In the larger cities car dependence is most evident among low‐to‐middle income groups at a relatively early stage in the life cycle, located in outer suburban areas. Consequently high levels of expenditure on transport typically coincide with relatively high levels of financial commitments to home purchase and/or operation. This has significant ramifications for the household budget, the most notable being deficit‐funding, and reduced outlays on other expenditure items such as recreation and education. The distribution of company vehicles and allowances is shown to be of relatively greater benefit to higher income groups, although is not confined to them. Although somewhat dated, the findings suggest that the social impacts of rising prices for energy will almost certainly be regressive.

Note: This paper was presented to the 7th PTRC Summer Annual Meeting held at the University of Warwick in July 1979. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the Australian Road Research Board in the preparation of the paper. Particular appreciation is expressed to Dr. M. R. Wigan, Mr. K. Sharp and Dr. M. G. Lay for their helpful comments.     

基于CT技术沥青混合料集料的识别与分离

为了研究沥青混合料内部集料结构,利用CT断层扫描技术对沥青混合料内部集料进行三维重构,基于Matlab自行编制程序对集料进行识别与分离.很多情况下集料是互相接触的,这些相互接触的集料容易被程序错误地识别成是一个集料.为此首先用Gaussian过滤器使集料变得更光滑,再利用Hmax过滤器使集料变得更平滑,最后进行Wat...     

Dynamics of highway design for safety

An important aspect of improving highway safety lies in designing the geometric features of roadways in response to the characteristics and behavior of drivers. This is being applied to specific features of highways with evidence of improvement in operation and safety. However, much more can be accomplished. There is now available additional operational experience and observations, which can assist the driver's task in vehicle control and guidance, but which have not yet been fully reflected in design criteria. If judiciously applied, such measures could further enhance highway safety. The paper addresses itself mainly to this aspect and presents the thesis: when all known or accepted safety features and techniques are applied fully to a highway project, it may be expected that a significant improvement in safety will be achieved. An actual project is suggested to validate this approach.     

Do public transport investments promote urban economic development? Evidence from bus rapid transit in Bogotá, Colombia

In 2000, the city of Bogotá, Colombia embarked on a grand land use and transportation system experiment. The transformation of Bogotá included building the TransMilenio Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, a city-wide system that offers speed and convenience similar to that of an underground metro. TransMilenio is widely regarded as a success, and cities around the world are planning or building similar systems. In this paper, we use a repeated cross-section labor market dataset to assess whether access to the new BRT system affects the incomes of those who live in station area neighborhoods. Our results indicate that the opening of the TransMilenio system was associated with increased income for those living near—but not immediately adjacent to—trunk line stations. This relationship is strongest in the lower and middle-income range. There are at least two possible explanations for this result: 1. existing residents earn higher wages, or 2. higher income workers move to the neighborhood. Our data do not allow us to distinguish clearly between them, but available evidence suggests that much of the effect is likely due to relocation. Our results stand in contrast to prior work, which has largely suggested that improvements in public transit will tend to reduce wages in station areas.     

An investigation into the feasibility of increasing rail use as an alternative to the car

With rail travel largely seen to be a more sustainable method than road-based transport, this paper examines the market segments amongst existing motorists that would be most likely to travel by train in the UK. The analysis is based on a large survey in London and the south-east of England, the area surrounding the routes operated by the train company First Capital Connect. Findings show that train travellers tend to be middle-aged and of a higher social grade, typically taking commuting or business trips. Individuals living within four miles of a station are considerably more likely to travel by rail than those further away. Given the competition from road-based transport, it is of particular interest that the measure highlighted to increase rail use for those living further away from the rail network is to enhance car parking at train stations.     

Buckling strength assessment of corrugated panels in offshore structures

There is an increasing trend of living quarters in offshore structures being constructed using corrugated panels in order to save construction time and cost. Different from corrugated bulkheads in ship structures, the corrugated panels used in the living quarters are designed in triangular or trapezoidal profile with unequal flanges and with a corrugation angle between 45° and 90°. Industry needs have prompted the American Bureau of Shipping to develop design recommendations for the buckling strength assessment of these corrugated panels. This paper describes the main features and the principles of the recommendations based on ABS experience, along with the technical background. The modeling uncertainty associated with the recommended criteria has been established by comparing the predictions with laboratory tests and finite element analysis results. Two design examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the recommendations.     

The argument for twin screw tankers

According to the CTX tanker casualty database, machinery failures are an important cause of tanker oil spillage. This paper argues that the current large (over 10,000 deadweight) tanker fleet is experiencing at least two full losses of power or steering per day, and probably more than ten. If this fleet were twin screw, properly implemented, this number would be cut by a factor of one thousand. At the same time, tanker low speed maneuverability would be improved dramatically. All this could be done for a net cost of less than that of the double hull.     

On the stability of traffic perimeter control in two-region urban cities

In this paper, stability analysis of traffic control for two-region urban cities is treated. It is known in control theory that optimality does not imply stability. If the optimal control is applied in a heavily congested system with high demand, traffic conditions might not change or the network might still lead to gridlock. A city partitioned in two regions with a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) for each of the regions is considered. Under the assumption of triangular MFDs, the two-region MFDs system is modeled as a piecewise second-order system. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for stable equilibrium accumulations in the undersaturated regimes for both MFDs. Moreover, the traffic perimeter control problem for the two-region MFDs system is formulated. Phase portraits and stability analysis are conducted, and a new algorithm is proposed to derive the boundaries of the stable and unstable regions. Based on these regions, a state-feedback control strategy is derived. Trapezoidal shape of MFDs are also addressed with numerical solutions.