地铁车辆段出入线接轨方案探讨

介绍地铁车辆段出入段线的一般配线形式．针对近年来强调在车辆段出入线与正线接轨处应设置安全线问题,提出不同的看法。对照《地铁设计规范》中安全线的设置条件,认为在车辆段出入线与正线接轨点处不需要设置安全线。分析近年来新推出的车辆段出入线接轨方案存在的问题,提出2个优化设计方案,并以上海地铁1号线梅陇车辆段出入线方案进行类比,证明没有安全线列车运行的安全是可以保证的。结果表明,该优化设计方案具有车站长度短、可大幅度降低工程造价、行车安全、调度灵活等优点。     

强化单车核算降低装卸成本

1 问题的提出 单车成本是指每台机械在使用过程中所发生的所有费用的总和.主要包括机械日常维修保养费用、机械大修理费用、动力燃料费用和技术改造费用等.对装卸机械实行单车成本核算及考核,就是制定合理的考核指标和考核办法,将每台机械在使用过程中所发生的所有费用的总和定期进行汇总、统计,并与考核指标对比,进行奖惩兑现,用经济杠杆制约人的行为,从而达到降低装卸成本的目的.     

大圆筒结构的充气浮运方法

介绍钢混凝土大直径圆筒结构充气漂浮的机理和气浮力的计算方法,阐述单体圆筒结构充气漂浮的不稳定性,探讨几种保持气浮圆筒结构漂浮稳定的方法,还对圆筒结构采用单潜驳下水的方案进行了介绍。     

Magnetic field tuning characteristics of bimodal ultrasonic motor stator

The magnetic field tuning characteristics of an ultrasonic motor (USM) stator are discussed. The stator consists of two piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) plates and one sandwiched-in Terfenol-D plate. The dimensions of the stator are carefully adjusted to specifically discuss the influence of the magnetic field on the frequency difference between the longitudinal and bending modes of the stator. The frequency difference discussed in this paper is usually small and mainly caused by uneven materials, machining errors and changes in external conditions (temperature, pre-stress or load). The longitudinal and bending modes of the stator are simultaneously excited by an external electric field to generate the elliptic motion trajectories of the driving points. A direct current (DC) magnetic field is applied to decrease the difference between the two mode frequencies of the fabricated stator. In experiments, the dependences of the two mode frequencies and their difference on DC magnetic fields are all investigated. The experimental results indicate that the difference between the longitudinal and bending mode frequencies of the PZT/Terfenol-D/PZT composite stator can be tuned by changing the intensity of the external DC magnetic field.     

Sensorimotor self-learning model based on operant conditioning for two-wheeled robot

Traditional control methods of two-wheeled robot are usually model-based and require the robot’s precise mathematic model which is hard to get. A sensorimotor self-learning model named SMM TWR is presented in this paper to handle these problems. The model consists of seven elements: the discrete learning time set, the sensory state set, the motion set, the sensorimotor mapping, the state orientation unit, the learning mechanism and the model’s entropy. The learning mechanism for SMM TWR is designed based on the theory of operant conditioning (OC), and it adjusts the sensorimotor mapping at every learning step. This helps the robot to choose motions. The leaning direction of the mechanism is decided by the state orientation unit. Simulation results show that with the sensorimotor model designed, the robot is endowed the abilities of self-learning and self-organizing, and it can learn the skills to keep itself balance through interacting with the environment.     

Approximate method for reliability assessment of complex phased mission systems

Phased-mission systems (PMSs) have wide applications in engineering practices, such as manmade satellites. Certain critical parts in the system, such as cold standby, hot standby and functional standby, are designed in redundancy architecture to achieve high reliability performance. State-space models such as Markov process have been used extensively in previous studies for reliability evaluation of PMSs with dynamic behaviors. The most popular way to deal with the dynamic behaviors is Markov process, but it is well known that Markov process is limited to exponential distribution. In practice, however, the lifetime of most machinery products can follow non-exponential distributions like the Weibull distribution which cannot be handled by the Markov process. In order to solve this kind of problem, we present a semi-Markov model combined with an approximation algorithm to analyze PMS reliability subjected to non-exponential failures. Furthermore, the accuracy of the approximation algorithm is investigated by comparing to an accurate solution, and a typical PMS (attitude and orbit control system) is analyzed to demonstrate the implementation of the method.     

Design of car battery protection device based on torsion spring

In recent years, electric vehicles are developing rapidly in automotive industry. When involved in accidents, if the batteries of electric cars break, it is likely to cause a short circuit and start a fire. Aimed at this issue, a car battery protection device based on torsion spring has been designed. The car battery protection device can deform in a particular pattern in a collision accident. Impact energy of the accident is absorbed by the deformation, which can significantly reduce impact force on the batteries. Meanwhile, based on the principle of maximum energy absorption, some crucial parameters of the device can be determined. Furthermore, an impact simulation conducted on ANSYS software shows that maximum safety factors can be obtained when the material of car battery protection device is carbon steel. The analysis of “safe space” in the car battery protection device shows that the device can prevent battery damage effectively in general circumstances, which means the reliability of the device has been verified. Therefore, when applied to electric vehicles, the car battery protection device, which can prevent secondary accidents, significantly improves the vehicle security in accidents.     

Gain and noise figure analysis of Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped YAG transparent ceramic microchip amplifier

The rate equations and the power evolution equations based on excited state absorption (ESA) and cooperative upconversion (CUC) of high concentration erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) transparent ceramic waveguide amplifier are set up to analyze the effects of the pump power, active ion concentration and waveguide length on the amplifier gain and noise figure (NF). The numerical analysis predicts that with a pump power of 100mW, an active ion concentration of 1.0×10²⁶ ion/m³ and a waveguide length of 3 cm, a small-signal gain of 30 dB and an NF of 5 dB can be achieved in the micro-chip amplifier.     

液化天然气储运中的翻滚现象及预防措施

介绍了液化天然气储运中的翻滚（涡旋）现象及预防措施,着重分析了液化天然气在储运中的翻滚机理,提出了相应的预防措施,以减少和消除翻滚现象,提高液化天然气在储运中的安全性。     

桥塔用内养护高强度抗裂混凝土性能研究

对比了页岩陶砂、粉煤灰黏土复合陶粒、浮石粉3种内养护材料对高强度混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和早期抗裂性能的影响,并结合桥塔混凝土结构进行了抗裂性验算。结果表明:随着内养护材料掺量的增加,不同龄期混凝土的抗压强度有所降低,但降幅不大,水胶比0.24时,每种内养护材料体积掺量控制在20%以内可满足C60混凝土强度要求;掺入3种内养护材料均可显著提高混凝土的早期抗裂性能,其中浮石粉的抗裂效果最好。结合沪通长江大桥主塔(高330 m,壁厚大多超过1.5 m)混凝土结构,针对收缩与温度应力引起的开裂问题进行了有限元抗裂性能分析,结果表明,浮石粉掺量20%的低收缩混凝土拉应力在容许范围内,开裂风险小。