载货汽车主气瓶不同气压时制动性能分析

汽车综合性能测试仪VGQT测试分析结果表明,货车在主制动气瓶压力不同时,各轴制动气室所能达到的最大压力也不相同[1],除此之外,本试验中N类载货汽车0型制动试验表明,主气瓶气压不同时,各轴气室制动压力变化曲线以及有效最大减速度MFDD也不相同。载货汽车绝大部分是用于长途运输,尤其是N2、N3类载货汽车,由于其满载质量大,长途运输中制动效能对于行驶安全性有着很大的影响,尤其在我国西南部山道纵横,长时间上下坡很容易造成制动器的热衰退,这是引起交通事故的主要诱因之一[2,3]。本文以实际试验结果为研究对象,分析了主气瓶在不同压力下各轴制动气室压力的变化以及0型制动试验中制动气压曲线的变化和有效最大减速度的变化,这对于行驶安全性和燃油经济性都有一定的意义,进而对排放和环境造成影响。     

不锈钢车体钝化工艺研究

针对轨道交通车辆在制造过程中,不锈钢车体表面的钝化膜因机加工、焊接等因素可能遭到破坏,导致不锈钢车体防腐能力下降的情况,详细介绍了不锈钢车体的钝化原理、钝化工艺及钝化效果的检测方法。经过柠檬酸钝化液钝化处理后,可有效去除车体表面游离铁和其他杂质,车体表面颜色均匀一致,提高了不锈钢车体的耐蚀性和美观性。     

Impacts of urban built environment on empty taxi trips using limited geolocation data

This study identifies the determinants of the empty taxi trip duration (ETTD) by combining three high-resolution databases—geolocation data in New York City, geodatabase of urban planning data, and transportation facilities data. Considering the nature of duration data, hazard-based duration model is proposed to explore the relationships between causal factors and ETTD, coupling with three variations of baseline hazard distribution, i.e., Weibull distribution with heterogeneity, Weibull distribution, and log-logistic. Furthermore, the likelihood ratio test is presented to implement comparisons of three baseline hazard distributions, as well as spatial and temporal transferability of causal factors. The results show significant complementary effects by subway system and competitive effects by city bus and bicycling system, as well as significant impacts of trip length, airport trip, average annual income, and employment rate. Urban built environment, for instance, density of road, public facilities, and recreational sites and ratio of green space, has various impacts on ETTD. The elasticity estimations confirm significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in impacts on ETTD. In addition, the analysis on elasticity also reveals the considerable impacts of severe traffic congestion on ETTD within Manhattan. The modeling can assist stakeholders in understanding empty taxi movements and measuring taxi system efficiency in urban areas.     

两种跨平台航迹精度测评方法研究

跨平台航迹精度测评对多平台协同使用传感器航迹数据具有指导意义,论文介绍了相对于本平台距离/方位的测评方法(方法一)和空间距离精度的测评方法(方法二),从非线性坐标变换的角度分析了本平台位置对测评结果的影响,其中方法一的计算结果在两平台位置相差不大的情况下主要受被探测目标相对于这两个平台的方位角度差影响,方法二的计算结果则不受本平台位置的影响,因而后者更有意义。     

Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.     

Integrated approach to an optimal automotive timing chain system design

Ensuring engine efficiency is a crucial issue for automotive manufacturers. Several manufacturers focus on reducing the time taken to develop and introduce brand new vehicles to the market. Thus, a synergic approach including various simulations is generally adopted to achieve a development schedule and to reduce the cost of physical tests. This study involved proposing a design process that is very useful in the preliminary development stage through effective support from simulations. This type of simulation-based design process is effective in developing timing chain drives; the use of this process, based on results from multiple trials, showed improvements in performance including low friction and vibration, improved durability, and cost-effective part design when compared to conventional processes. This study proposes an integrated approach to the preliminary design of an automotive timing chain system. The approach involves structural and dynamic analyses. The details of the design process are described by using the case of a virtual engine. This study conducted and summarized a dynamic and structural analysis as well as topological optimization to describe a process to obtain optimal results. The results of this study indicated the following improvements in overall performance factors: 12.1 % improvement in transmission error, 10.1 % reduction in chain tension, 46 % reduction in tensioner arm weight, and 11 % reduction in transversal displacement.     

A data model applied to the knowledge-based ICAS

Image-guided computer aided surgery system (ICAS) contributes to safeness and success of surgery operations by means of displaying anatomical structures and showing correlative information to surgeons in the process of operation. Based on analysis of requirements for ICAS, a new concept of clinical knowledge-based ICAS was proposed. Designing a reasonable data structure model is essential for realizing this new concept. The traditional data structure is limited in expressing and reusing the clinical knowledge such as locating an anatomical object, topological relations of anatomical objects and correlative clinical attributes. A data structure model called mixed adjacency lists by octree-path-chain (MALOC) was outlined, which can combine patient's images with clinical knowledge, as well as efficiently locate the instrument and search the objects' information. The efficiency of data structures was analyzed and experimental results were given in comparison to other traditional data structures. The result of the nasal surgery experiment proves that MALOC is a proper model for clinical knowledge-based ICAS that has advantages in not only locating the operative instrument precisely but also proving surgeons with real-time operation-correlative information. It is shown that the clinical knowledge-based ICAS with MALOC model has advantages in terms of safety and success of surgical operations, and help in accurately locating the operative instrument and providing operation-correlative knowledge and information to surgeons in the process of operations.     

TNFα、Leptin-Rb、NF-κB和PPAR-γ在酒精性肝病大鼠肝细胞中的表达

目的 探讨TNFα、NF-κB、Leptin-Rb和PPAR-γ等在大鼠酒精性肝病中与肝组织炎症、坏死和纤维化的关系.方法 胃造瘘法建立长期大鼠酒精性肝病模型,分别在第4、8、12、24和52周用免疫组化、原位杂交和RT-PCR技术检测不同阶段大鼠肝组织中TNFα、NF-κB、PPAR-γ和Leptin-Rb等的表达.结果 TNFα、NF-κB和Leptin-Rb水平在模型组大鼠肝细胞中,第8周表达逐渐增强,第24周起高水平表达一直持续至52周(P<0.01).PPAR-γ在对照组和第4、8周模型组肝细胞中表达最强,第12周表达开始减弱.TNFα和NF-κB在肝细胞中的表达呈明显正相关关系,与PPAR-γ则呈负相关关系(P<0.01).结论 TNFα和NF-κB与肝细胞病变程度有很好的一致性关系,Leptin-Rb在肝细胞的表达与肝纤维化发展相一致,PPAR-γ则刚好相反.     

掺锶磷酸钙骨水泥的体外细胞生物学性能评价及其与掺锶量的相关性

目的 评价"SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的生物相容性及其与掺锶量的关系.方法 通过急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性以及成骨细胞在材料表面的黏附、增殖与表达等实验,检测材料的性能及生物降解潜能.结果 "SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性均为合格.Sr-CPC的热原性、溶血性以及碱性磷酸酶值与掺锶量呈非线性关系.结论 含锶磷酸钙骨水泥体外细胞生物相容性良好,是安全的新型骨组织工程支架材料.     

南京长江隧道盾构始发井深基坑降水方案设计

南京长江隧道工程盾构始发井深大基坑地质条件复杂,地下水位高,并与长江水力联系密切,降水难度大.文章结合实践,重点阐述了本工程采用深井管井与轻型井点结合降水方案的设计,其中包括涌水量的计算、降水井数量的确定及降水井间距布设等参数研究,对今后同类工程的修建有一定的借鉴意义.