Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.     

冷藏集装箱的优化设计

随着世界航运业的发展,冷藏集装箱的需求不断增加,其性能要求也不断提高:40英尺冷箱的总重已由常规的30 480kg增加到34 000kg;20英尺冷箱的总重也由24 000kg增加到30480kg;箱体气密性达到2米3/小时。高顶箱(超高箱)更受箱主青睐,40英尺高箱容积要求高达70米3。本文提出的构想是笔者在仔细研究了世界上最流行的设计基础上,对常规设计进行了突破性改进后形成的设计观念。     

Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

施工导流在内河航道干地开挖工程中的应用

通过施工导流在内河航道干地开挖施工中的应用，结合内河航道干地开挖的具体特点，分析影响施工导流成败的主要因素．介绍了在施工中应注意的主要技术要点。     

电力Modem在冷藏箱监控报警系统中的应用

文章从系统硬件、软件、通讯三方面介绍美国YORK公司开发的大型集装箱船舶冷藏集装箱集中监控系统REFCON,可供同行借鉴。     

成昆线红层地区泥石流沟侵蚀程度量化分析

以成昆铁路红层地区的3个小流域为研究区,计算3个年份的地面割裂度及其年平均变化率,分析用地面割裂度表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度的不足及其原因。基于泥石流沟发育的物理模型,以原来的地面割裂度定义为基础,引入表述沟谷分布零散程度的异型度因子,导出新侵蚀系数公式。以3个小流域固体物质的年平均流失量作为侵蚀程度强弱的标准,采用非参数统计推断方法,将侵蚀系数、地面割裂度的年变化值和固体物质的年平均流失量作秩统计和次序统计。对秩统计参数和次序统计参数比较结果表明:在表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度方面,侵蚀系数优于地面割裂度。     

火花塞为何不跳火

在日常驾驶中，个别火花塞不跳火现象是难以避免的，而且驾驶员一般不易发觉，其功率损失往往会以加大节气门开度来弥补。若有2个或2个以上火花塞不跳火，不仅使油耗剧增，而且排气污染也将成倍增加。据了解，一个火花塞不跳火，排气污染将会比正常情况增大3-4倍。曾经试验发现：经过维护调整的火花塞，可节油10％左右，如果及时更换新件，可节油5％。为此，加强火花塞的定期维护检修，避免其不跳火现象，确保其正常工作是非常重要的。[第一段]