Maritime legislation: new areas for safety of life at sea

This study reveals areas where IMO regulations of safety of life at sea can be improved upon. After examination of 5389 mortality and 3559 accident cases of UK seamen and 6878 fatalities of worldwide seamen, it finds fatalities due to personal accidents on board ship constitute ~90% of all mortality cases. Therefore, prevention of personal accidents should be given a higher priority. It reveals also that accidents involving coastal (domestic) ferries were another concern in the safety of life in shipping, e.g. in 1996 alone more than 2562 fatalities occurred in this sector. As a case study, the nationalities of 364 deceased seamen in bulk carrier disasters (1990?1998) are identified. Fatalities to British and worldwide seamen are based on the data obtained from various sources. However, fatalities to seamen working on board open registry ships are the best estimation, based on the information available to the authors.     

PPARγ及其辅激活子MED1重组腺病毒的制备与生物学功能分析

目的制备大量PPARγ与MED1腺病毒,探讨其生物学功能。方法以实验室现有的腺病毒原液为材料,用HEK293a细胞包装腺病毒,CsCl梯度离心法纯化病毒,A260法测定病毒颗粒,并通过细胞感染、小鼠活体尾静脉注射病毒等实验,用HE染色法、Real-time PCR及免疫组化法进一步鉴定病毒的生物学功能。结果获得Ad/LacZ、Ad/PPARγ和Ad/MED1,其浓度分别为2.51×1012、1.57×1012、2.59×1012 VP/mL。C57BL/6J小鼠经尾静脉注射Ad/PPARγ,小鼠出现脂肪肝,肝细胞聚集大量脂滴,且PPARγmRNA和蛋白表达显著增加。同样,用Ad/MED1感染3T3-L1细胞或给小鼠尾静脉注射Ad/MED1,MED1表达水平都显著升高。结论Ad/PPARγ、Ad/MED1及对照Ad/LacZ成功制备,为体外细胞病毒感染以及活体研究PPARγ与MED1的基因功能以及网络调控奠定了实验基础。     

Empirical modeling of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell based on water transport investigation and current interrupt measurement

Water management is an important factor in the optimal performance of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). In this paper, a PEFC model that facilitates the control of PEFC membrane humidity is presented. An efficient modeling procedure using a combination of mathematical and experimental techniques is proposed. A simple mathematical structure for the model is adopted, and experiments to measure PEFC irreversibilities and net water transport across the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are performed. The developed PEFC model effectively quantifies the irreversibilities in the PEFC output voltage and clarifies the relationship between PEFC performance and steady state water transport through the MEA. The proposed modeling procedure can effectively save time and cost during the controller / control algorithm design phase in PEFC system development.     

用于城市交通的直线电机推进系统

现代城市交通系统必须提供连发列车间隔时间短的高水平服务.线路的设计必须灵活并且允许存在局部陡峭路际,从而最大程度地降低交通系统成本.不管气候如何,交通系统都务必要保证列车准点到站.直线感应电机(LIM)推进系统在理论上能满足运行要求,而且其加速度和制动力都不依赖于轮轨粘着,其拓扑结构是短一次侧在车上而长二次侧在地面.为了设计可行的交通系统,必须要考虑LIM拓扑的影响.设计时需考虑气隙问题、反应轨结构改变问题、法向力及直接驱动的操作问题.LIM推进系统已经开发出两代,并在5个先进的交通系统中成功应用.     

Experimental study on the spray and combustion characteristics of SIDI CNG

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels. In the spark-ignition (SI) engine, direct injection (DI) technology can significantly increase the engine volumetric efficiency and reduce “pumping losses” in engines without a throttle valve. DI allows engine operation with the stratified charge which enables relatively higher combustion efficiency. In this study, a combustion chamber with a visualization system is designed. The spray development and combustion propagation process of spark-ignition direct injection (SIDI) CNG were digital recorded and analyzed. The ignition probability was also examined. The results of this study can contribute important data for the design and optimization of the SIDI CNG engine.     

高速铁路车辆车轴的疲劳设计方法(续)

3.4疲劳危险部位设计由于受车轴形状和疲劳磨损影响,压装部位(如轮座和制动盘座)的疲劳强度比其他平滑部位要小。为了提高压装部位的疲劳强度,采用了多种形状和材料的车轴进行统计测试。其压装部位的具体形状如图7所示。轮座和制动盘座处的车轴直径比平滑部位的要大,故采用了一