Real-time catenary models for the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the pantograph–catenary interaction

Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a promising technique to study the pantograph–catenary interaction problems by realising the interaction of a physical pantograph with a mathematical model of the overhead equipment (catenary). However, the computing power presently available on real-time CPUs only allows to run simplified models of the overhead equipment. Therefore, it is important to define catenary models that are suitable for real-time simulation and at the same time capable of accurately representing the dynamic behaviour of the catenary. In this paper, the use of a catenary model based on modal superposition is considered, and the effect of changing the number of modelled spans and the number of modal components allocated to the contact and messenger wires is investigated in view of finding the best model compatible with real-time simulation. Comparisons between HIL simulation results and line measurements are presented, to quantify the accuracy of the hybrid simulation method developed.     

Characterization of Ship Traffic in Right Whale Critical Habitat

Collisions with ships are a significant threat to the endangered North Atlantic right whale. To reduce this threat, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) established the Mandatory Ship Reporting System (MSRS) in July 1999. Under this system, all commercial ships, 300 gross tons or greater, are required to report to a shore-based station when entering either of two areas surrounding designated critical habitat: one in waters off the northeastern United States and the other off the southeastern United States. Information reported to the system includes entry location, destination, intended route, and speed. Reporting ships receive an automated message indicating precautionary steps to be taken to avoid hitting whales. Ship tracks between sequential ship locations were estimated by using a geographic information system (GIS) and mapped to illustrate traffic patterns within the MSRS. In the northeast, 69% of all valid tracks transited right whale critical habitat areas. All but two southeastern tracks intersected critical habitat. “High-use” traffic corridors were identified within the system. The majority of ships (59%) traveled at speeds greater or equal to 14 kn, a reported speed at which large whales may be critically injured. This characterization provides a portrait of ship traffic in right whale aggregation areas that can be used to develop measures to reduce the threat of ship strikes to right whales.     

基于航拍图像的海上目标定位系统

针对海事闭路电视(CCTV)系统未能直接通过视频图像获得海上目标位置信息的现状,提出一种基于航拍图像的海上目标定位系统.该系统基于Visual C++开发平台,以模块化设计思路,实现基于航拍图像的海上目标定位功能.介绍系统组成、主要功能、概位算法以及该定位系统在海事监管、海上搜救中的应用.该定位系统可弥补海事CCTV监管的不足,提升海事监管、海上搜救的效率.     

Evaluation of the Transferability of Incident Detection Algorithms Developed for Singapore Expressways

ABSTRACT

Two new detection algorithms, single-station DV (dual-variable) and dual-station CODE (COmbined Detector Evaluation) were developed earlier using 160 incidents collected along Singapore's Central Expressway (CTE). The transferability of these CTE-developed algorithms is assessed, as a case study, using 100 incidents collected from the Tullamarine Freeway and South Eastern Freeway in Melbourne, Australia. The investigation covers the differences in traffic detector systems (loop detectors versus video-based), road geometry and behaviour between drivers in Singapore and Australia. The re-calibrated application of these algorithms to freeways in Melbourne yielded a reasonably good detection performance as well as satisfying the average expected performances of seven traffic management centres surveyed in the USA. The results suggested that the detection logic of the algorithms developed for CTE possessed reasonably good transferability and are also suitable for receiving traffic inputs from video-based detectors as well as from loop detectors.     

耦合非线性三维海洋立管的边界控制(英文)

This paper presents a design of boundary controllers implemented at the top end for global stabilization of a marine riser in a three dimensional space under environmental loadings. Based on the energy approach, nonlinear partial differential equations of motion, including bending-bending and longitudinal-bending couplings for the risers are derived. The couplings cause mutual effects between the three independent directions in the riser’s motions, and make it difficult to minimize its vibrations. The Lyapunov direct method is employed to design the boundary controller. It is shown that the proposed boundary controllers can effectively reduce the riser’s vibration. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using the Lyapunov direct method. Numerical simulations illustrate the results.     

Accompanied versus Unaccompanied Transport in Short Sea Shipping between Spain and Italy: An Analysis from Transport Road Firms Perspective

Short sea shipping (SSS) is called to play a key role in ensuring sustainable mobility in the European context. In the past years several studies tried to define the SSS requirements and also to identify the SSS lines that were economically viable. However, no studies approach the profile of their users—the road transport firms—and the organizational patterns adopted by them, in order to gain a better understanding of this transport modality. This research, on the basis of a sample of 81 international road transport firms that use SSS between Spain and Italy, analyses the profile of these firms and certain elements inherent to their relationship with the shipping firms, according to the two modalities of organizing their SSS transport operations: accompanied versus unaccompanied.     

高危害交通事故形态及致因的灰色分析

高危害交通事故是指在交通事故统计中造成主要人员伤亡及财产损失的事故,为识别高危害交通事故的主要形态,探寻其致因,提出一种基于灰色理论的分析方法.将道路交通事故危害程度划分为4个灰类,构建4个灰类的白化权函数,通过灰色定权聚类系数确定高危害交通事故的主要形态和致因.以深圳市为例,基于全年交通事故数据,识别出深圳市高危害性交通事故的4类主要形态和6种主要致因.研究表明:车辆碰撞是高危害事故的主要形态,驾驶过程中妨碍安全行车的行为、酒驾以及未保持安全车距等是产生高危害事故的主要原因.针对高危害交通事故的主要形态和致因,提出相应的交通安全管理对策,有利于减少高危害交通事故,提升道路安全水平.     

典型川藏高速公路路线动力学分析与运行速度评价

高速公路已成为当前国内的重要出行方式选择,车辆行车的安全性与舒适性也越来越受到社会的广泛关注.利用车辆动力学分析软件,选取雅康高速公路第C3—C14合同段进行建模分析.该模型主要模拟在3种不同天气环境状态下的路面摩擦系数,并进行比较,给出车辆在不同路面环境下的建议行驶速度,以此验证该路线的设计合理性.仿真结果表明:在干燥及雨天路面环境下,车辆的建议行驶速度为100 km/h以内,该速度能使车辆的横向加速度保持在1.83 m/s2以下;在冰雪路面环境下,当车速超过85 km/h时,车辆容易发生侧滑,行车速度建议在80 km/h以内.     

三相永磁同步无感无刷直流电机控制系统设计

三相永磁同步无感无刷直流电机具有快速性、可靠性、可控性、体积小、重量轻、节能、耐受环境和经济性等方面明显的优势。利用无刷电机绕组中的反电动势过零点法检测电机转子的位置,从而实现无位置传感器的无刷电机的控制。硬件设计中,采用MC9S08DZ60微控制器作为智能单元,对反电动势过零检测电路、功率驱动电路进行了设计。软件设计中,根据电机反电动势过零信号控制驱动电路准确换相,结合PID调速控制使电机转速稳定。本系统具有可靠性高、价格低廉等特点,对于实车电机控制具有一定的现实意义。     

基于模糊理论的智能指数平滑行程时间预测算法

在指数平滑算法的基础上,结合模糊理论提出了一种基于模糊理论的智能指数平滑行程时间预测算法。该算法依据指数平滑法的预测误差构造模糊控制器来自适应控制平滑系数,从而自适应修正下一时期的预测值,提高行程时间的预测精度和智能化水平。最后通过实验验证了该算法的可行性、有效性。