创服务品牌全面提高客运服务质量

客运站的现状迫切需要通过创建服务品牌来提高客运服务质量，笔者从三方面对创建服务品牌的重要性和必要性进行了分析，并对如何创建服务品牌进行了具体的论述。     

Searching for the root causes of maritime casualties

This paper opens by placing our current understanding of human error within a model of accident causation. The philosophical problems of bias and hindsight in accident investigation are discussed and a classification of human error types is presented. Two recent surveys of accident data and three case studies are used to highlight the main concerns in the sources of failure. These concerns are onboard violations, lack of onboard situational awareness, and failures in management practice. The paper provides an overview of how these issues have led to developments in maritime training and research. The first development has been the design of more effective training courses through a better understanding of the nature of the skill requirements of situational awareness. The current training is outlined and other areas of research, which are now being undertaken, are described. The paper concludes with a summary of further research and development needs.     

机冷车制冷压缩机性能的测试方法

机冷车作为铁路冷藏运输工具,主要用于易腐货物的运输服务.由于货物装载方法不当及大量的水果、蔬菜不经预冷处理,特别在夏季,货物装入机冷车后,制冷机组通常得连续运转48小时以上,才能将货温降到规定的承运温度.在上述情况下,一旦压缩机发生故障,将严重危及承运货物的质量,极易造成货损.本文就如何检测压缩机、确保压缩机良好的方法,进行分析如下:……     

内燃机车检修规章的网络化管理

济南西机务段配属内燃机车175台，主要担当京沪线间丰台至济南西、济南西至徐州间的货物列车牵引任务；同时承担本段ND5型内燃机车简易大修、中修、定修和DF8B型、DF7型内燃机车的小辅修工作。机车检修工作直接涉及到检修、检测、设备、运用车间，电机大修厂、技术科、验收室、材料科、职教科、企管办等多个部门的140多个岗位，有1200余名职工参与，使用各级规章500多个。     

Diagrammes fondamentaux de zone : estimation et influence de la régulation

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams can model the road traffic at an aggregated scale. This tool allows the evaluation of traffic management strategy at the city level while taking congestion into account. Something the usual macroscopic traffic models can’t do correctly at this scale. However, the calibration of the macroscopic fundamental relation is not easy since lots of factors, from experimental condition to traffic heterogeneities, can alter the shape of the diagram. We show that the use of electromagnetic loops can introduce huge variations in the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) shape. Among the parameters that have considerable impact on the MFD shape, the traffic lights set up can alter it significantly. For a given network, a better knowledge of the link between the traffic light parameters and the MFD shape can help evaluate the network quality of service by computing the average traffic flow speed for the entire network.     

La place des modèles de trafic dans les récentes modélisations des impacts environnementaux des transports. Importance de l’explicitation des méthodes et hypothèses

The authors present a recent development in the use of classic travel demand models (TDMs) to environmental impact assessment of transport, far from its initial target. By comparing previous cases found in the literature (Chester, Seoul, Florence, Brisbane and Saint-Etienne) with their present works (Eval-PDU in Nantes), the authors notice that their predecessors tend to be evasive on their use of TDM. Hence, traffic data are little discussed in these works, while their works constitute one of the main stakes in this kind of study. Indeed, the hypotheses for traffic modeling are impacting the next steps of the modeling chain (pollutants emission/dispersion). The importance of this first modeling stage implies that relevant attention has to be brought to their assumptions and input data.     

锰粉加工工人心血管功能的调查研究

对 ５５ 名锰粉加工工人和 ５６ 名对照工人的调查结果显示，工人工作地点 Ｍｎ Ｏ２ 浓度几何均值为 １９６ ｍ ｇ／ｍ ３ （锰尘 ０１７～２２．２４ ｍ ｇ／ｍ ３ ），样品超标率 ８８７％ 。接触组头晕头痛、睡眠障碍、容易疲劳和记忆不良的主诉率明显高于对照组（ Ｐ＜００５～００１）。接触组和对照组的心电图异常、高血压和低舒张压检出率未见显著性差异，其心率、 Ｐ Ｒ间期、 Ｑ Ｒ Ｓ波、收缩压和舒张压的均值比较也没有显著性差异。接触组心电图异常和低舒张压的 Ｏ Ｒ分别是 １．５６（９５％ 可信区间为 ０７０～３．５０）和 ２．０８（９５％ 可信区间为 ０１８～２３．５７）。     

半挂汽车列车技术发展趋势

从牵引车、半挂力和车身色彩设计三方面阐述了半挂汽车列车的技术发展趋势。     

Phytoplanktonic nutrient utilisation and nutrient signature in the Southern Ocean

The separation in Southern Ocean provinces of silicate excess at nitrate exhaustion and of nitrate excess at silicate exhaustion was already introduced by Kamykowski and Zentara (Kamykowski, D., Zentara, S.J., 1985. Nitrate and silicic acid in the world ocean: patterns and processes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 26, 47–59; and Kamykowski, D., Zentara, S.J., 1989. Circumpolar plant nutrient covariation in the Southern Ocean: patterns and processes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 58, 101–111) and our investigations of the silicate to nitrate uptake ratios confirm the earlier distinction. Oligotrophic antarctic waters mainly exhibit proportionally higher silicate removal what induces a potential for nitrate excess. The nitrogen uptake regime of such areas is characterised by low absolute as well as specific nitrate uptake rates throughout. Maximal values did not exceed 0.15 μM d⁻¹ and 0.005 h⁻¹, respectively. Corresponding f-ratios ranged from 0.39 to 0.86. This scenario contrasts strikingly to the more fertile ice edge areas. They showed a drastic but short vernal increase in nitrate uptake. Absolute uptake rates reached a maximum value of 2.18 μM d⁻¹ whereas the maximal specific uptake rate was 0.063 h⁻¹. In addition to an optimal physical environment for bloom development, accumulation of ammonium stimulated nitrate uptake in a direct or indirect way. Since ammonium build-up in surface waters traces enhanced remineralisation, release of other essential compounds during degradation of organic matter might have been the main trigger. This peak nitrate utilisation during early spring led to the observed potential for silicate excess. With increasing seasonal maturity the nitrate uptake became inhibited by the presence of enhanced ammonium availability (up to 8% of the inorganic nitrogen pool), however, and after a short period of intensive nitrate consumption the uptake rates drop to very low levels, which are comparable to the ones observed in the area of nitrate excess at silicate exhaustion.     

PACDIN statement of methods

PAntograph–Catenary Dynamic Interaction (PACDIN) is a code developed by the vehicle technology research centre (CITV) of the Universitat Politècnica de València in collaboration with the railway company Talgo S.L. The model of the catenary is a finite element model using absolute nodal coordinates. It is based on a general formulation that can be applied for analysing a wide range of catenary configurations, including stitch wire, transitions or non-straight path tracks. The formulation is fully non-linear and includes large deformations, dropper slackening and contact interaction. The model is linearised when deformations are small, as in the case of the benchmark dynamic analysis. The results of the PACDIN code show a good agreement with the average results of other benchmark codes.