两种跨平台航迹精度测评方法研究

跨平台航迹精度测评对多平台协同使用传感器航迹数据具有指导意义,论文介绍了相对于本平台距离/方位的测评方法(方法一)和空间距离精度的测评方法(方法二),从非线性坐标变换的角度分析了本平台位置对测评结果的影响,其中方法一的计算结果在两平台位置相差不大的情况下主要受被探测目标相对于这两个平台的方位角度差影响,方法二的计算结果则不受本平台位置的影响,因而后者更有意义。     

Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.     

Integrated approach to an optimal automotive timing chain system design

Ensuring engine efficiency is a crucial issue for automotive manufacturers. Several manufacturers focus on reducing the time taken to develop and introduce brand new vehicles to the market. Thus, a synergic approach including various simulations is generally adopted to achieve a development schedule and to reduce the cost of physical tests. This study involved proposing a design process that is very useful in the preliminary development stage through effective support from simulations. This type of simulation-based design process is effective in developing timing chain drives; the use of this process, based on results from multiple trials, showed improvements in performance including low friction and vibration, improved durability, and cost-effective part design when compared to conventional processes. This study proposes an integrated approach to the preliminary design of an automotive timing chain system. The approach involves structural and dynamic analyses. The details of the design process are described by using the case of a virtual engine. This study conducted and summarized a dynamic and structural analysis as well as topological optimization to describe a process to obtain optimal results. The results of this study indicated the following improvements in overall performance factors: 12.1 % improvement in transmission error, 10.1 % reduction in chain tension, 46 % reduction in tensioner arm weight, and 11 % reduction in transversal displacement.     

浅谈工程设计对公路建设投资的影响和相应对策

通过工程设计对公路建设投资影响的分析,阐明了工程设计是影响建设投资的主要因素之一,并通过实例证明了合理选择设计方案和采用技术标准等办法是控制投资的一条有效途径,而合理选择设计方案和技术标准又受到各种因素的影响和限制,对影响合理选择设计方案的原因进行了具体分析,并就此提出了几点相应对策,供同行们参考.     

掺锶磷酸钙骨水泥的体外细胞生物学性能评价及其与掺锶量的相关性

目的 评价"SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的生物相容性及其与掺锶量的关系.方法 通过急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性以及成骨细胞在材料表面的黏附、增殖与表达等实验,检测材料的性能及生物降解潜能.结果 "SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性均为合格.Sr-CPC的热原性、溶血性以及碱性磷酸酶值与掺锶量呈非线性关系.结论 含锶磷酸钙骨水泥体外细胞生物相容性良好,是安全的新型骨组织工程支架材料.     

彩色多普勒超声在动态监测移植肝及其并发症中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾我中心107例原位肝移植术后应用彩色多普勒超声资料,汇总后行统计学分析。结果肝移植术后早期门脉流速较正常对照组升高,而肝动脉流速降低,后逐渐恢复正常。107例中发现肝动脉血栓形成2例(1.87%),肝动脉狭窄5例(4.67%),门脉血栓形成3例(2.80%),肿瘤复发7例(6.54%),诊断为急性排斥反应18例次(16.82%),慢性排斥反应10例次(9.34%),胸腔积液105例(98.13%),腹腔积液65例(60.74%),假性动脉瘤1例,胰漏1例,胆道感染4例(3.74%),胆道狭窄4例(3.74%),胆漏5例(4.67%),胆总管结石1例。结论彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中具有重要的临床意义。     

南京长江隧道盾构始发井深基坑降水方案设计

南京长江隧道工程盾构始发井深大基坑地质条件复杂,地下水位高,并与长江水力联系密切,降水难度大.文章结合实践,重点阐述了本工程采用深井管井与轻型井点结合降水方案的设计,其中包括涌水量的计算、降水井数量的确定及降水井间距布设等参数研究,对今后同类工程的修建有一定的借鉴意义.     

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研究了高峰时段列车运行的衔接协调对换乘站候车客流量的优化问题。首先分析了换乘站各站台候车客流的组成因素,确定出各运行方向的换乘站台内客流量随时间变化的规律。然后,以时段内换乘站候车客流量的最大值最小为目标,建立优化模型。模型以站台最大可容纳候车人数为约束条件,以各方向列车在换乘站的到达时刻为调整对象,实现了高峰时段换乘站内聚集客流的优化。最后,针对验证案例,设计了遗传算法进行求解,得出了协调较优解,并给出与较劣解的对比分析。结果表明,该优化方法能够有效降低换乘站内的候车客流人数,可为网络化的优化协调工作提供参考。     

“船舶与海洋工程专业导论”教学改革与实践

文章基于广东海洋大学船舶与海洋工程专业的实际情况,对"船舶及海洋工程专业导论"课程教学与实践进行了初步的探讨,并提出了在导论课程教学实践与改革方面的一些改进措施,对培养高素质的船舶与海洋工程专业人才具有一定的参考价值。     

船舶搁浅于台型礁石场景极限强度解析预报方法

针对双层底油轮搁浅于台型礁石的事故场景,通过对船底构件结构损伤机理的分析,提出一套结合船底结构损伤程度推算方法和Smith方法,评估损伤后船体剩余极限强度的解析计算预报方法。研究中应用数值仿真技术,模拟了船舶搁浅过程中的结构损伤及搁浅后船体极限承载过程,并与解析预报方法的结果进行了对比。结果表明,文中提出的对搁浅损伤后船舶剩余强度的解析预报方法准确性较好,对船舶双层底耐撞性结构设计和安全性评估都有一定的指导意义。