基于双基站交通数据采集技术的假套牌车辆识别方法

假牌、套牌车辆对社会安全和交通运输行业的秩序造成了极大的负面影响,寻找快速有效的假套牌车辆识别方法十分必要.研究了一种基于射频识别(RFID)技术和图像识别技术结合的假套牌车辆识别方法.对同一处基站的RFID系统和视频抓拍识别系统采集的车辆车牌信息进行对比分析,得出疑似假套牌车辆.然后对多基站检测信息联合比对,相比于单基站,降低了疑似假套牌车辆的数量.选取南京市主干道上6个基站的检测数据作为实例,检测结果发现,通过5处基站检测的假套牌车辆比通过2处基站检测的假套牌车辆减少了210辆,降低了假套牌车辆的误检率.对建立的疑似假套牌车辆数据库验证分析,其正确率达到94.5%.相比较传统的方法,其具有覆盖范围大、不受时间限制、反应迅速等优势,可为交警部门查处假套牌车辆提供有力支撑.     

路面水膜厚度检验评价方法

降雨在道路表面形成的水膜可显著降低轮胎与路面接触部分的摩阻系数,水膜厚度的增加使得车辆易发生水滑等交通事故.为评价道路表面因降雨形成的水膜对行车安全的影响,研究提出一种路面水膜厚度的检验评价方法.以我国海南省降雨量数据为依据,提出了公路几何设计中检验路面水膜厚度的降雨强度取值.从行车安全角度出发,提出了降雨条件下路面水膜厚度的限值标准,以一条高速公路的设计为例,检验了道路几何线形设计对应的路面水膜厚度,对不满足限值的路段给出了优化设计建议.结果表明,公路几何设计中检验路面排水的降雨强度可取高峰小时降雨量50mm/h;检验路面水膜厚度的限值标准可取一般值2.5 mm,极限值4 mm;水流路径长度最大不超过60 m.     

Development of a differential route share model for railroad freight traffic

This paper summarizes work undertaken towards development and calibration of a model to predict the distribution of rail freight traffic among competing routes. The model is designed for use in analyzing the traffic effects of changes in the level-of-service on selected rail lines. The model predicts route shares based on the overall network configuration of each railroad participating in a given market. The model selects feasible routes, discards those routes which appear to be too circuitous or costly, and then assigns traffic to the remaining routes in accordance with several network characteristics. It is designed to be sensitive to level-of-service changes, and to simulate the response of shippers and railroads to a competitive environment. A multiple route-finding algorithm was used to find possible routes based on the number of railroads operating at the originating and terminating end of a market. Multiple routes were determined and matched with observed traffic flows from the ICC One-Percent Waybill Sample. Physical network characteristics for each route, including distance, junction frequency, and “impedance,” were calculated from the network model and were correlated with the traffic share observed on each route in the market. A two-stage model was developed to find feasible routes from the set of possible routes and to allocate traffic to feasible routes based on levels-of-service. The model was calibrated on 9,793 routes from 1,199 markets with twenty or more carloads from the 1977 One-Percent Carload Waybill Sample. Model calibration supported the hypothesis that network route characteristics did indeed influence shipper choice of route, and that a normative model could be used to assess relative attractiveness of routes under various railroad corporate ownership restructuring scenarios.     

客运专线32.0m单线箱梁预制施工技术

通过介绍秦沈铁路客运专线六股河特大桥32.0 m单线箱梁预制的施工实例,阐述了32.0 m后张法预应力单线箱梁的施工模具的设计、工艺装备、原材料选定、混凝土灌注及张拉等一整套施工技术.     

独资、合伙企业会计制度制定对策探讨

分析了个人独资企业、合伙企业的特征。从企业的资产、负债、所有者权益、会计报表等几个方面探讨了个人独资企业和合伙企业会计制度的制定对策。     

Modelling the impact of rail fare increases

Rail fares in South-East England have been increasing in real terms for several years, and are expected to continue to do so. In this paper, the impact of such increases is examined in terms of the choices of mode of travel, home and job location, and residential migration. Forecasts are made using a model in which the population is partitioned into four sets according to whether they have changed home and/ or job over the forecast period. The model allocates population to homes and workers to jobs, and commuters to the three modes of travel considered. The impact of an increase of 25% in real fares over a five-year period is examined and a number of conclusions are drawn. The model shows that rail patronage will decline even if transport costs remain constant in real terms, because of decentralisation of jobs and rising car ownership. The overall long-term rail fare elasticity is found to be –0.7, but this is the mean of a wide range of values for different parts of the study area. People ceasing to commute by rail would divide almost equally between car and bus, the latter being used particularly to Central London. Those people who commute to London who are seeking new homes would tend to choose to live nearer London than they would have otherwise. The paper concludes with a discussion of the findings in terms of the assumptions implied in the model.     

柴油机气缸盖机械变形和应力的精确三维分析

本文在分析了国内外大量气缸盖结构分析算例特点的基础上,对16V240ZJ柴油机气缸盖的机械应力用三维有限元法在微机上进行了比较全面细致的计算,在计算模型中,对气缸盖各部分结构都不作替代简化;在边界条件的处理方面,计入了气缸套的弹性,并与刚性支承边界条件计算结果进行了比较,计算求得的位移和应力分布规律与实测完全一致,最大位移误差6.5％,最大压应力误差7.4％。     

浅谈列车自动控制系统中安全保护距离的设计与验证

根据在工程实施中的列车自动控制系统对于安全保护区段的设计原则和计算方法进行了阐述，对在无法模拟计算条件的情况下，如何在试车线上测试，验证提出了建议。     

Multimodal traveling and its impact on urban transit network design

Multimodal trip making, that is trips using a combination of several modes between origin and destination, is expected to be beneficial to society and might offer advantages to the traveler as well. This article looks at some of the implications of multi‐modality in trip making for the design of urban transit systems since these play an important role in multi‐modal transportation systems. In this respect, the article looks at the strategic design characteristics of urban transit networks, that is line density, stop density and service frequencies for the case of multimodal access to urban transit networks and for hierarchical network structures in urban transit systems. The analyses show that multimodal access does not require alternative network structures. For hierarchical network structures it is concluded that these are primarily determined by the hierarchy in demand densities and thus by hierarchy in urban structures.     

Telecommuting and travel: state of the practice,state of the art

This paper provides an overview of the status of telecommuting in the United States, especially as it relates to changes in travel behavior. Regarding the state of the practice, the paper discusses some refinements to the definition of telecommuting that have developed through increased operational experience. It reports several policy statements involving telecommuting, and explores the appeal of telecommuting as a public policy instrument. It highlights some trends in the implementation of home-based and work center-based telecommuting, and suggests that visible public-sector involvement has been crucial to the increased activity in this area.In sketching the state of the art, the paper outlines some frequently-stated hypotheses on telecommuting and travel behavior, and summarizes current empirical findings relating to those hypotheses. Finally, it suggests a variety of topics suitable for further research. These include studying factors influencing the ultimate adoption levels of telecommuting; impacts on energy/air quality, mode choice, and location/urban form; interactions with other transportation demand management strategies; relationships to the traditional urban travel demand forecasting process; cost/benefit tradeoffs; and telecommuting centers.