列车空气制动均衡速度的局部稳定性

为了研究空气制动工况下列车均衡速度的稳定性,分析了列车均衡速度与单位合力函数单调性的关系.当单位合力函数单调递减时,列车均衡速度稳定,否则,其均衡速度不稳定.因此,在空气制动工况下,单位合力函数在部分速度区间单调递减,均衡速度存在局部稳定性,并采用二分法计算了均衡速度稳定的速度区间.以SS4型机车牵引中磷闸瓦空货车为例,列车运行限速和制动初速度为100 km/h,其临界速度为53.5 km/h,当列车速度为53.5~100 km/h时,空气制动下均衡速度是稳定的.     

西安市城区绝经后妇女骨密度与女性生理因素的相关性

目的探讨绝经后妇女女性生理因素与腰椎、髋部骨密度的关系。方法对西安市城区281名绝经后妇女进行了女性生理因素的流行病学调查,并测定了腰椎、髋部骨密度。结果相关分析显示年龄、绝经年限、生育活产子女数和骨密度均呈显著负相关(P<0.01),而行经年限、身高、体重及体重指数(BMI)和骨密度均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。比较骨质疏松组、骨量减少组和骨量正常组,年龄、绝经年限、生育活产子女数等,骨质疏松组明显高于骨量减少组和正常组(P<0.05);而平均每次月经持续天数、行经年限、身高、体重、BMI等,骨质疏松组明显低于骨量减少组和正常组(P<0.05)。结论西安市城区绝经后妇女的年龄、行经年限、绝经年限、生育活产子女数、身高、体重和BMI等与其腰椎和髋部的骨密度有明显的相关性。     

Explaining obesity with urban form: a cautionary tale

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in studies exploring associations between the built environment and obesity. Many studies have found that built environment characteristics, such as high-density land developments, mixed-land uses, and connected street networks, are associated with lower rates of obesity. However, depending on the research field and the researcher, how one specifies the experimental model and how sociodemographic characteristics of the population are defined and included in the model has led to different policy conclusions and implications. This is not a surprising observation; however, it is one that does seem to have been lost in current discussions. This article highlights several data-processing, model-specification, and model-estimation factors that should be comprehensively considered in studies of the built environment and obesity. Empirical results based on data from Atlanta, GA, USA, illustrate that the association between the built environment and obesity is sensitive to how age, income, and educational attainment are included in the model. Also, a detailed examination of land-use-mix measures shows that it is difficult to create this measure and that results are sensitive to the treatment of missing values. Models that distinguish between overweight and obese individuals are shown to provide richer insights into the associations among obesity, built environment, and sociodemographic characteristics for the Atlanta area. The article concludes by offering modeling recommendations for future studies.

两种骨架密实级配水泥稳定碎石的性能对比研究

为了对比《公路沥青路面设计规范》(JTG D50—2006)中骨架密实级配(GF)与多级嵌挤骨架密实级配(MG)水泥稳定碎石之间的组成与性能差异,并深入研究MG级配水泥稳定碎石的性能,通过室内振动击实试验、力学强度试验和CBR颗粒流模拟技术对两种级配水泥稳定碎石组成结构及路用性能进行了对比研究,结果表明:与GF级配矿料相比,MG级配矿料的CBR值提高了8%~15%;与GF级配水泥稳定碎石相比,MG级配水泥稳定碎石最大干密度平均提高了1.4%,且易于压实,28d抗压强度提高了6%~12%,极限抗压强度提高了8%~20%,劈裂强度提高了8%~15%左右。实体工程应用结果表明,MG级配水泥稳定碎石有更好的抗裂性能。因此,MG级配水泥稳定碎石具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种自动提取车型图像边缘阈值算法的仿真研究

提出了一种利用改进的遗传算法自动选取车型图像边缘提取阈值的方法,使车型图像边缘能被完整地提取出来;从而达到识别汽车车型的目的。仿真结果表明:该算法节省了阈值的选取时间,增强了抗噪声性能,提高了车型识别率。     

我们能从道路交通拥堵中学到什么

随着高速公路监测手段的完善,高速公路运行数据日益丰富。通过深入挖掘、分析加州高速公路运行监测系统5年来收集的数据,从不同角度定量理解拥堵产生的原因,包括拥堵动态分析、交通瓶颈识别、匝道控制效益评价、出行时间预测等。此外,基于上述数据,以加州湾区HOV车道为例,通过分析通行能力损失、对比路段相同位置HOV限制与非限制时段车道流量及速度变化,定量评价了HOV车道的实施效果及其给其他车道带来的拥堵后果。上述各项研究均衡量了拥堵的严重程度及产生原因,并给出了相应的缓堵方法。     

浅谈如何根据驾校学员心理特征因材施教

多年从事汽车驾驶教员工作 ,针对数学中出现的各种问题 ,经过多年的潜心研究 ,终于得出了一些独特见解 ,即必须根据学员的心理特征因材施教、因人施教 ,才能提高教学质量 ,完成好汽车驾驶教员工作。     

Local shopping as a strategy for reducing automobile travel

Transportation - Suburban development in the US is widely criticized for its contribution to automobile dependence and its consequences. Not surprisingly, then, a return to more urban-style...     

梯形动铁式交流焊机优化设计研究

对梯形动铁式交流焊机的优化目标进行了探讨,在此基础上建立了动铁式交流焊机优化设计的数学模型,编制了计算机优化设计软件,利用该软件对焊机进行了优化设计,结果表明:利用该软件所设计的交流焊机具有较低的制造成本和较高的综合性能     

灌砂法在路基压实度检测中的应用

结合工程实践,浅谈灌砂法在路基压实度检测中的应用.