New potential for multimodal connection: exploring the relationship between taxi and transit in New York City (NYC)

Transportation - Taxi trips have been somewhat neglected in transportation mobility and multimodal connection studies. The socio-demographic characteristics of taxi riders are often not fully...     

The Teachable Moments on Marine Mammal Tours: Watching versus Swim-With Tours

With the continuing growth of the tourism industry over recent decades, has come a change in tourist behavior from the traditional stereotypical 3-S tourist (sun, sand, sex) to an increasingly sophisticated and demanding tourist. These “new” tourists like to learn about history, nature, and wildlife, and they expect an educational component on wildlife tours. This study investigated swim-with-dolphin tours in Kaikoura, New Zealand with regard to the educational content and the overall anatomy of these tours, using data from observations on a total of 32 tours during December 2011. The resulting data were then compared with the data from Hrycik and Forestell's study, which investigated the content of questions asked by passengers on whale-watching tours in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Results of the on-tour observations indicate that the surveyed tours display a structured approach to interpretation, which is customized to the specific tour anatomy of a “swim-with” tour, and varies in some parts significantly from “watch-only” tour interpretation.     

载货汽车主气瓶不同气压时制动性能分析

汽车综合性能测试仪VGQT测试分析结果表明,货车在主制动气瓶压力不同时,各轴制动气室所能达到的最大压力也不相同[1],除此之外,本试验中N类载货汽车0型制动试验表明,主气瓶气压不同时,各轴气室制动压力变化曲线以及有效最大减速度MFDD也不相同。载货汽车绝大部分是用于长途运输,尤其是N2、N3类载货汽车,由于其满载质量大,长途运输中制动效能对于行驶安全性有着很大的影响,尤其在我国西南部山道纵横,长时间上下坡很容易造成制动器的热衰退,这是引起交通事故的主要诱因之一[2,3]。本文以实际试验结果为研究对象,分析了主气瓶在不同压力下各轴制动气室压力的变化以及0型制动试验中制动气压曲线的变化和有效最大减速度的变化,这对于行驶安全性和燃油经济性都有一定的意义,进而对排放和环境造成影响。     

国内外规范关于水流作用下护底块石稳定质量计算方法对比

关于水流作用下护底块石的稳定质量计算，国内外均开展了大量研究，并总结提出多种计算理论，各国规范也给出不同的计算方法。因研究条件和背景有所不同，采用各种计算方法往往得到不同的计算结果，给设计人员带来较多不便。针对上述问题，梳理国内外常用规范中给出的计算方法，并结合工程案例进行对比分析，总结不同方法之间的差异以及适用条件。结果表明，水深是影响护底块石质量的敏感因素，计算方法选取时应重点考虑该因素；美国规范考虑的影响因素较为全面，具有较好的适用性；但在强紊动的水流条件下，建议对照国际通用手册中的Pilarczyk法和Escarameia & May法综合评估确定块石质量。     

公交站台尾气回收系统设计研究

当前城市雾霾问题日益严重,大气污染问题尚未得到有效解决,汽车尾气排放是造成城市大气污染主要原因之一,特别是重型车中的柴油公交车在怠速、低速、加速启动以及减速过程中产生的尾气排放量是正常速度行驶过程中的2倍以上,车辆在怠速、低速、加速启动、以及减速过程中车辆自身所带的尾气处理装置未能有效的运行,对尾气的处理效果并不理想。本文对公交车站台的外观设计进行考察研究,预期利用公交站台与道路平面的高度差,设计一套公交站台尾气回收装置,将其安置在公交站台中,将公交车在站台停靠时产生的尾气回收处理后,达到可排放标准再排放到大气中,从而达到保护城市大气环境的作用。     

对港口码头配备溢油应急设备的探讨

以码头的溢油风险为出发点,谈及港口码头溢油应急设备配备的必要性,阐述国内法律法规对码头溢油设备配备的要求和标准,分析当前沿海港口码头配备溢油应急设备的现状,并就如何按照有关规定和标准做好港口码头配备溢油应急设备的工作提出建议和对策。     

Reliability Modeling and Maintenance Policy Optimization for Deteriorating System Under Random Shock

Performance degradation and random shock are commonly regarded as two dependent competing risks for system failures. One method based on effective service age is proposed to jointly model the cumulative effect of random shock and system degradation, and the reliability model of degradation system under Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) shocks is derived. Under the assumption that preventive maintenance (PM) is imperfective and the corrective maintenance (CM) is minimal repair, one maintenance policy which combines PM and CM is presented. Moreover, the two decision variables, PM interval and the number of PMs before replacement, are determined by a multi-objective maintenance optimization method which simultaneously maximizes the system availability and minimizes the system long-run expect cost rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed maintenance optimization policy is demonstrated via a numerical example.     

基于物元分析法的公路桥梁损伤等级评定研究

在构建桥梁损伤等级评定指标体系的基础上，采用 AHP确定了各指标的权重，运用物元分析的方法建立了桥梁损伤等级评定的数学模型，并利用模型评定结果，得到了某桥梁的损伤等级。     

企业集团基于办公网络的IP电话系统构成及实现

研究目的:随着各种信息技术和计算机网络的发展,Intemet在企业中的建设越来越广泛.而基于Inter-net建立的IP电话系统,每年可为企业节省一笔可观的电讯网络使用费用.故本文在简述IP电话的基本原理、结构及关键技术的基础上,对企业集团基于已建的企业办公网络,配置VOIP网关或IP PBX交换机等有关设备就如何构建适合企业集团的IP电话系统方案进行研究,通过研究提出可构建的IP电话系统方案,并以实例验证该系统方案的可行性.研究结论:通过本文研究,提出企业集团基于已建的企业办公网络和配置有关网关设备,构建企业IP电话系统方案是可行的.实例验证,采用IP电话系统方案比采用PSTN方案经济、合算,每年可为企业节省一笔可观的电讯网络使用费用,减少了企业的运作成本.故IP电话系统是发展的方向.