Estimation of origin-destination matrices from link counts and sporadic routing data

Estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices from link count data is a challenging problem because of the highly indeterminate relationship between the observations and the latent route flows. Conversely, estimation is straightforward if we observe the path taken by each vehicle. We consider an intermediate problem of increasing practical importance, in which link count data is supplemented by routing information for a fraction of vehicles on the network. We develop a statistical model for these combined data sources and derive some tractable normal approximations thereof. We examine likelihood-based inference for these normal models under the assumption that the probability of vehicle tracking is known. We show that the likelihood theory can be non-standard because of boundary effects, and provide conditions under which such irregular behaviour will be observed in practice. For regular cases we outline connections with existing generalised least squares methods. We then consider estimation of OD matrices under estimated and/or misspecified models for the probability of vehicle tracking. Theoretical developments are complemented by simulation experiments and an illustrative example using a section of road network from the English city of Leicester.     

济南建邦黄河公路大桥斜拉桥前支点挂篮施工控制

济南建邦黄河公路大桥主桥是一座三塔中央索面斜拉桥,其主梁悬臂施工采用前支点挂篮。从施工控制的角度对该桥前支点挂篮在分段悬臂浇注过程中施工控制涉及的几个方面进行了论述,内容涵盖前支点挂篮施工控制模拟分析、前支点挂篮锚固系统受力的确定、前支点挂篮的就位调整、前支点拉索张拉次数和张拉力的确定以及前支点挂篮变形误差分析等。     

新型通长高强土工格栅复合软体排护底技术

在东营港东营港区南防波堤工程中,为解决传统护底技术现场绑扎拼接工程量大、拼接质量要求高、工艺复杂、施工难度大、效率低且整体性差的问题,研制了一种新型通长高强土工格栅复合软体排。制定了底层为通长土工布、排中中层为高强土工格栅、两侧余排中层为抗冲击防老化缓冲保护层、面层为通长土工格栅的一体化排体制作工艺,解决了复杂结构软体排的制作难题;研制了适合通长高强软体排铺设施工的动力滑轮组牵引装置,解决软体排较重、摩阻力大、难以沉放的问题;采用旁扫声呐质量检测方法,提高了排体施工效率及质量。     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析

Euro NCAP发布的行人模型认证技术公告TB024的最新版本对6岁儿童行人模型认证提出了单独要求,旨在加强对儿童行人的保护.本研究应用符合Euro NCAP技术公告(TB024)规定并且具有详细解剖学结构的6岁儿童行人有限元模型,设置了4组不同方位行人-汽车碰撞仿真试验,以探究不同碰撞方位下的儿童下肢损伤机理.结果...     

油库安全阀的选用参数计算和确定方法

阐述了油库常用安全阀排量、口径、开启压力的计算和确定方法,重点分析了油库和机场特定部位安全阀开启压力和公称通径的计算过程和考虑要素,并说明了安全阀定购和使用中的注意事项.     

隔离式减振垫仿真分析

隔离式道床垫作为一种新型的轨道减振产品,近年来,在国铁和城市轨道交通建设中得到了广泛的应用。本文通过建立隔离式减振垫的有限元模型,研究其固有频率和动力学响应,分析隔离式道床垫的减振性能,为实现减振轨道结构的合理选用提供参考。     

出海路祖山至马蹄岭段路况调查

出海路祖山至马蹄岭段主要为水泥混凝土路面,路段经过12年的运营各种病害发展迅速.2012年4月通过咨询、调查、收集、测试等手段,对该路段气象水文、交通组成、养护维修历史、路面结构、路面检测指标、路面病害种类、桥涵情况进行了详细调查,获得了真实可靠的资料,为大修方案的确定提供了依据.     

Alternative fuels for transportation

The alternatives to the oil based fuels for transportation are considered and analysed. These are the synthetic fuels, made from coal, the liquid petroleum gases of propane and butane, compressed natural gas and methanol. The problems associated with the use of electric vehicles are discussed; the main problem being that of range.

The possible use of hydrogen as a fuel is analysed in some detail. Since its supply can be tied directly to nuclear energy sources, rather than hydrocarbon feed stocks, it could be an alternative in the long term. The main problems of the storage of hydrogen on the vehicle and of its propensity to “back‐fire” into the engine intake are discussed. The first can be ameliorated and the second eliminated by dual fuelling; with petrol. It is advocated that the on‐board storage of hydrogen be by the use of hydrides for private cars. However, it is expected that it may be as liquid hydrogen for some forms of transport and will certainly be in this form for aircraft.