CNG发动机工作过程的一维数值模拟

内燃机模拟计算是一种现代化的计算方法,可以减少试验次数及时间,从而节约内燃机开发和研究工作的人力、物力和财力.采用AVL BOO ST软件建立了某CNG发动机的整机模型,宏观上描述整个发动机的热力学过程,通过全负荷下的速度特性试验验证该模型的可靠性.并在此基础上,对影响CNG发动机性能指标的主要参数进行对比分析,提出改进措施.     

单纯多滤泡卵巢妇女的糖代谢水平的变化

目的研究单纯多滤泡卵巢(MOF)妇女的糖代谢水平,探讨其与胰岛素抵抗及体重的关系。方法46例MOF妇女及30例正常对照女性,口服75g葡萄糖,行糖耐量试验(OGTT)及同步胰岛素释放试验(IRT),用稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA IR)测评胰岛素抵抗。结果①MOF糖耐量低减的发生率为10.87%,明显高于对照组3.33%(P<0.05)。胰岛素抵抗的发生率为30.43%,对照组为10.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②两组的性激素水平,即FSH、LH、PRL、E2、T和P的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③糖耐量低减妇女BMI与胰岛素抵抗呈正相关(r=0.567,P<0.05)。结论单纯多滤泡卵巢妇女存在一定程度的糖代谢异常;肥胖和胰岛素抵抗是导致糖耐量异常的主要原因。MOF肥胖妇女应行OGTT监测糖代谢状况。     

基于红外路径识别的智能车控制系统设计

介绍一种基于模拟式红外光电传感器路径识别的智能车控制系统,使用飞思卡尔公司16位单片机MC9S12DG128为核心控制单元,采集红外传感器信号智能分析导引线路径信息,自动控制舵机转向,并对智能车的直流驱动电机实现PID调速控制。     

Reliability Modeling and Maintenance Policy Optimization for Deteriorating System Under Random Shock

Performance degradation and random shock are commonly regarded as two dependent competing risks for system failures. One method based on effective service age is proposed to jointly model the cumulative effect of random shock and system degradation, and the reliability model of degradation system under Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) shocks is derived. Under the assumption that preventive maintenance (PM) is imperfective and the corrective maintenance (CM) is minimal repair, one maintenance policy which combines PM and CM is presented. Moreover, the two decision variables, PM interval and the number of PMs before replacement, are determined by a multi-objective maintenance optimization method which simultaneously maximizes the system availability and minimizes the system long-run expect cost rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed maintenance optimization policy is demonstrated via a numerical example.     

Calculation of strain amplification matrix for strain invariant failure theory based on representative volume element models with periodical boundary condition

Strain invariant failure theory (SIFT) is a micro-mechanics-based failure theory for multi-scale failure analysis of composite materials originally proposed by Gosse and Christensen. In this paper, the approach for obtaining strain amplification matrix which is a key step for the execution of SIFT is improved by adopting representative volume element (RVE) finite element models considering periodical boundary condition, based on which more actual deformation mode is reflected. The deformation modes and strain data at the characteristic points of the centroid cell of multi-cell RVE model are analyzed and taken as a reference. It can be concluded that more reasonable deformation mode and relationship between the micro-mechanical and macro-mechanical strain states are obtained by employing the new model. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the determination of strain amplification factors within the RVEs considering periodical boundary condition at the characteristic points.     

Target priority determination methods by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets with unknown attribute weights

The paper aims at the problem of multi-targets threat degree being hard to be evaluated accurately in complex air defense battlefield environments. Combined with multi-sensors information fusion and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFS) theories, the target priority determination is studied. The score and accuracy functions of IVIFS are improved with thinking about the hesitating information in order to increase the rationality. Then, the influence factors of target priority and the nonlinear relationship between the influence factors and target priority are analyzed. Next, the algorithms for calculating the factor weights and sensor weights are given. Based on the theory of IVIFS and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), two methods of target priority determination based on the IVIFS and TOPSIS are proposed. At last, an application example verifies the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed algorithms.     

银杏叶提取物防治肝纤维化的实验研究

目的　探讨银杏叶提取物 (EGb)对慢性肝炎的防治作用及其机制。方法　SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、EGb防治组和秋水仙碱组。用四氯化碳皮下注射法建立慢性肝损伤模型 ,分别用生理盐水或药物灌胃治疗。对比观察EGb对慢性肝损伤大鼠肝纤维化和脂质过氧化指标的影响 ,结合肝病理组织学及肝组织内Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达的变化加以探讨。结果　EGb防治组大鼠肝组织中PCⅢ、透明质酸、层黏连蛋白和CⅣ型胶原含量明显降低 ,血中过氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性明显升高 ,丙二醛含量明显降低 ,与模型组比较差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;形态学观察 ,EGb防治组大鼠肝组织损伤明显轻于模型对照组和秋水仙碱对照组 :HE染色显示肝组织炎症损伤减轻 ,VG染色显示肝组织纤维化程度明显减低 ,免疫组化染色显示肝组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达明显减少。结论　EGb具有抑制脂质过氧化损伤 ,防治大鼠实验性肝纤维化的作用。     

Using a random displacement model to simulate turbulent particle motion in a baroclinic frontal zone: A new implementation scheme and model performance tests

Numerical artifacts can limit accurate simulation of turbulent particle motion when Lagrangian particle-tracking models are implemented in hydrodynamic models with stratified conditions like fronts. Yet, modeling of individual particle motion in frontal regions is critical for understanding sediment dynamics as well as the transport and retention of planktonic organisms. The objective of this research was to develop a numerical technique to accurately simulate turbulent particle motions in a particle-tracking model embedded within a hydrodynamic model of a frontal zone. A new interpolation scheme, the ‘water column profile’ scheme, was developed and used to implement a random displacement model for turbulent particle motions. A new interpolation scheme was necessary because linear interpolation schemes caused artificial aggregation of particles where abrupt changes in vertical diffusivity occurred. The new ‘water column profile’ scheme was used to fit a continuous function (a tension spline) to a smoothed profile of vertical diffusivities at the x–y particle location. The new implementation scheme was checked for artifacts and compared with a standard random walk model using (1) Well Mixed Condition tests, and (2) dye-release experiments. The Well Mixed Condition tests confirmed that the use of the ‘water column profile’ interpolation scheme for implementing the random displacement model significantly reduced numerical artifacts. In dye-release experiments, high concentrations of Eulerian tracer and Lagrangian particles were released at the same location up-estuary of the salt front and tracked for 4 days. After small differences in initial dispersal rates, tracer and particle distributions remained highly correlated (r = 0.84 to 0.99) when a random displacement model was implemented in the particle-tracking model. In contrast, correlation coefficients were substantially lower (r = 0.07 to 0.58) when a random walk model was implemented. In general, model performance tests indicated that the ‘water column interpolation’ scheme was an effective technique for implementing a random displacement model within a hydrodynamic model, and both could be used to accurately simulate diffusion in a highly baroclinic frontal region. The new implementation scheme has the potential to be a useful tool for investigating the influence of hydrodynamic variability on the transport of sediment particles and planktonic organisms in frontal zones.     

Quantitative estimation of the influence of surface thermal fronts over chlorophyll concentration at the Patagonian shelf

Eighteen-year (1985–2002) mean monthly SST Pathfinder data with 9 km spatial resolution have been used to estimate surface gradients by finite differences. Then the seasonal climatological means have been calculated from the intensity of these gradients, and surface thermal fronts present in the Patagonian Continental Shelf (PCS) have been located. Moreover, 6 years (1998–2003) of SeaWiFS data with approximately 4 km spatial resolution have been used to estimate monthly composite images of surface chlorophyll concentration, after which seasonal climatological means distributions have been generated. Both seasonal distributions have been analyzed together and by combining the knowledge of oceanographic processes and phytoplankton responses to light and nutrient availability, regions where the presence of a thermal front affects photosynthetic activity have been identified. Subjective criteria have been applied to define eighteen areas where phytoplankton biomass is influenced by the presence of a thermal front. In these areas, the surface chlorophyll (spatial mean and total), its relationship with the surface chlorophyll of the whole region, and the seasonal evolution of this relationship have been calculated. All frontal areas cover less than 15% of the total surface, but they contribute with over 23% of the phytoplankton annual mean biomass. Considered as a group, during summer they show high chlorophyll values very similar to those in spring. During the cold period, when the water column is vertically mixed in practically the whole of PCS, the influence of physical fronts over the biological production is minimum. The frontal zone image remains clearly defined during summer, when approximately 85% of the area will have a determined mean chlorophyll concentration, while the other 15% has a 2.45 times larger value. While three pattern trends have been identified in the frontal areas, only two of them condition the pattern of the group, due to their horizontal extension.     

The Dependency of People on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Understanding how people are dependent on Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) is important for understanding how people might be sensitive to changes that affect these seascapes. We review how resource dependency is conceptualized and propose that it be broadened to include cultural values such as pride in resource status, scientific heritage, appreciation of aesthetics, biodiversity, and lifestyle opportunities. We provide an overview of how local residents (n = 3,181 face-to-face surveys), commercial fishers (n = 210, telephone surveys), and tourism operators (n = 119 telephone surveys) are potentially dependent on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant environmental, social, and economic change. We found that commercial fishers and tourism operators were dependent not only financially on the GBR, but also because of their age, years in the industry and region, lack of education, and the number of dependents. These stakeholders lacked flexibility to secure alternative employment. All stakeholder groups, regardless of economic imperatives, were dependent on the GBR because of their cultural connections. We propose that resource dependency also provides an umbrella concept to describe the cultural services provided by an ecosystem, which can be described through place-based dependence and place-identity.