铁路隧道穿越岩溶群区施工控制技术研究

文章以渝(重庆)怀(怀化)铁路板桃隧道为工程背景,阐述了该隧道穿越DK215+650～DK216+105段岩溶群区的施工技术.为确保施工工期,施工中采取了"先绕行后处理"的原则,设置施工迂回导洞绕行岩溶区,并通过横通道与正线相连.针对岩溶区内不同的溶洞类型分别采取跨越、支顶、锚喷支护、浆砌片石回填等技术措施,同时根据暗河与溶洞内的水流大小及流向采取了诸如涵洞、小桥等设施或开凿泄水洞将水排出洞外,安全稳妥地通过了455 m岩溶群区.本工程取得的经验可供类似工程施工中借鉴.     

Back-Calculation of Ground Stress Field and Rockburst Analysis for Wunvfeng Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Studying the in-situ stress distribution at a tunnel site is very important to determine surrounding rock characteristics, the engineering design and the construction scheme. By using the multiple linear regression method based on the least square algorithm, the initial geostress field is analyzed and the corresponding regression coefficients are obtained. The ground stress obtained from the proposed back analysis is reasonable and can meet the demands of the engineering applications. From the rockburst risk level distribution diagram, it is speculated that the Wunvfeng tunnel is in the high filed stress area. Field monitoring should be strengthened and emergency plans should be made to cope with the rockburst risks during the construction process. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

清管器在输油管道中的运动规律研究

在分析清管物理模型的基础上,建立了清管器前段塞流动的特征参数计算模型、动态数学模型以及相应的数值计算方法,并进行了数值模拟。利用数学模拟方法可以计算清管过程中管线的压力分布,利用压力分布可以跟踪清管球在管线内的运行,这为混输管路的运行管理提供了理论依据。     

基于C8051F020单片机的T型管自动焊接机控制系统

为了提高T型管的焊接质量和效率,设计了一台用C8051F020单片机自动控制的焊接设备。同时采用C8051F020的12位A／D转换功能实现对焊接系统中加工参数的实时检测。该自动焊接系统在钢制散热器管道焊接生产应用中取得了良好的效果,是一种低成本、自动化的T型焊缝专用焊接设备。     

Examining the influence of multidestination service orientation on transit service productivity: a multivariate analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, U.S. transit agencies added service and increased ridership, but the ridership increase failed to keep pace with the service increase. The result was a decline in service effectiveness (or productivity). This marks the continuation of a long-running and often-studied trend. The scholarly literature attributes this phenomenon, at least in part, to transit agency decisions to decentralize their service rather than focus on serving the traditional CBD market. Many scholars argue that a decentralized service orientation is both ineffective and inefficient because it attracts few riders and requires large per-rider subsidies. This research tests whether a non-traditional, decentralized service orientation, called multidestination service, results in reduced service productivity. Contrary to what the literature suggests, we find that MSAs whose transit agencies pursued a multidestination service orientation did not experience lower productivity. These results indicate that policies that have encouraged the growth of decentralized transit services have not necessarily been detrimental to the industry.

TTB or not TTB, that is the question: a review and analysis of the empirical literature on travel time (and money) budgets

This paper summarizes and analyses findings from more than two dozen aggregate and disaggregate studies of travel time (and sometimes money) expenditures, exploring the question of the existence of a constant travel time budget. We conclude (with prior researchers) that travel time expenditures are not constant except, perhaps, at the most aggregate level. Nevertheless, individuals’ travel time expenditures do show patterns that can be partly explained by measurable characteristics. Travel time expenditure is strongly related to individual and household characteristics (e.g., income level, gender, employment status, and car ownership), attributes of activities at the destination (e.g., activity group and activity duration), and characteristics of residential areas (e.g., density, spatial structure, and level of service). To the extent that travel time expenditures are constant at the aggregate level, the underlying mechanisms explaining that regularity are not well understood. Consequently, further research into explaining travel time and money expenditure patterns is justified.     

海底单层保温管线总传热系数分析

总传热系数K是海底热油管道的运行管理中的一个非常关键的参数.文中通过对中海油涠洲11 -1油田至涠洲12 -1油田之间的海底管道总传热系数进行理论计算,并与投产前根据实际预热数据反算的总传热系数进行对比,得出理论计算的总传热系数与实际预热反算得到的总传热系数相近,同时指出海管接口的散热损失较大,海底管线应对接口部分进行...     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.     

Influence of vehicle driving parameters on the noise caused by passenger cars in urban traffic

In this work, a sample of vehicles has been instrumented to measure of variables that influence vehicle noise emissions in Madrid. A circuit reproducing a normal travel pattern in large city is traveled by a fleet of vehicle models representing the fleets of cars in a European city. A sample of drivers covers the test track under different traffic conditions. Driving parameters and noise emitted have been recorded in each test and average values have been extracted. These data have been analyzed to define the noise emissions produced by a vehicle in real driving conditions and to identify the noisiest driving behaviors.     

One city,three models: comparison of land‐use/transport policy simulation models for Dortmund

The paper reports on simulation experiments conducted by the International Study Group on Land‐Use/Transport Interaction (ISGLUTI) for the metropolitan region of Dortmund in the Federal Republic of Germany. Three land‐use/transport simulation models were applied to the Dortmund region: the DORTMUND model developed at the University of Dortmund, the LILT model being used at University College London and the MEPLAN package developed by Marcial Echenique & Partners in Cambridge. The three models are briefly characterized and their ex‐post forecasts are compared with the actual development of the region. The final section of the paper compares how the three models respond to a common set of assumptions and policies from the fields of land‐use control, traffic management and transport investment. The differences in model response give insights into the validity of the theoretical foundations and internal structure of the models.