地铁客车重要零部件转向架轴端吊耳螺栓脱落故障分析及解决措施

地铁客车运营时转向架轴箱体端部与吊耳的连接螺栓脱落严重威胁着地铁的安全行车.通过对脱落螺栓的形貌分析、材质检验及断口金相检测,基本排除了螺栓质量问题,但发现吊耳与其连接件间存在相对滑动的可能性;在EN13749标准规定的轴箱振动加速度以及线路实测振动加速度载荷的分别作用下,基于VDI 2230-2003标准对吊耳的连接螺栓进行强度分析,结果表明:两种载荷作用下螺栓强度均满足要求,但在线路实测载荷下连接螺栓的被连接件间的防滑移安全系数仅为0.997,同时疲劳工况下的安全系数也相对较低;接着,考虑到吊耳结构重量直接决定着连接螺栓的承载大小,提出新型吊耳结构,其重量仅为原结构重量的35％,一阶固有频率为原结构的1.3倍.同时,建议采用10.9级的法兰面螺栓M12mm×100mm作为吊耳连接螺栓,并配合使用宽边NordLock防松垫圈.     

CeO2改性阴极扩散层对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

采用水热法制备纳米CeO2空心球,以一定比例与碳粉、PTFE混合,经超声震荡后均匀喷涂在经疏水处理过的碳纸表面上形成微孔层.将改性扩散层与传统扩散层进行比较,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱测试分析、接触角、接触电阻表征,扩散层的物理性能几乎不会改变.再将扩散层组装成单电池进行一系列的电池性能测试,结果表明:掺杂CeO2的阴极扩散层组装而成的单电池无论是电池性能、交流阻抗谱还是动态响应测试均优于传统扩散层组装的单电池.即证明了掺杂CeO2制备的改性阴极扩散层由于其储放氧功能,可以加速氧气传质,增加催化剂表面氧分压,进而提升PEMFC的单电池的动态响应性能.     

酒後駕車防制策略之研究

酒後駕車一直是個嚴重的社會問题,且各國有許多的酒後駕車防制策略,文中整合專家意見以尋求最適合的策略,採用的是模糊層级分析法,而經過意見整合後,發現前四項策略為擴大執法、提倡大(职)運輸、加重刑罰舆指定駕駛.     

测力钢轨轮轨力连续输出算法

根据轮轨相互作用特点, 利用地面测试数据的信息, 采用阈值判断法提取有效的轮轨力数据。设计基于径向基函数神经网络的算法, 用以处理不同测试单元处的轮轨力的非线性关系, 用不同车轮不同作用点位置作用下的横、垂向力训练神经网络, 实现了测力钢轨轮轨力的连续测试, 并对3种工况进行了仿真试验。分析结果表明: 既存在干扰又存在应变片损坏时的连续轮轨力精度较只存在干扰及部分应变片损坏的低; 算法能对采样频率低于8 720.9 Hz的轮轨力信号进行实时处理, 算法具有很好的适用性。     

A Multiple Nested Lattice Boltzmann Method and Its Application

Introduction In recent years,the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)has developed into an alternative andpromising numerical scheme for simulating hydro-dynamic and aerodynamic flow[1].The success ofthe LBM can be partly attributed to the particle-based approach which is directly inherited from itspredecessor,the lattice gas automata(LGA)[1,2],unlike LGA,the LBM simulates a flow system bytracking the evolution of particle distributions in-stead of tracking single particles.For this reason,it o…     

水力式升船机单井塔柱内对拉钢索优化布置

单井型塔柱结构极大改善了水力式升船机竖井水位同步性问题,但随着提升高度增大,竖井内水深越大,侧壁位移、弯矩过大等问题更加突出.以150米级单井塔柱为例,提出了竖井内布置对拉钢索的设想和简化布置方案.基于钢索拉力权重分配系数的优化方法,取得了钢索等应力的密度分布最优解,并离散转化为等效的等荷载布置方案,可在实际工程中应用...     

船用伙食冷库自控系统的改造设计

文章针对早期船用伙食冷库以继电器为主导的控制系统所存在的问题,以某一滚装客船冷库为例,根据该冷库的运行技术特点,开发出以西门子s7系列可编程控制器为核心的自动控制系统,满足了冷库运行过程的精确掌控、节约耗能和可靠性等要求。     

Development of knowledge based body structure concept design model

The purpose of this study is to propose a concept design process for an automotive body structure using technical information on the major joints and members of vehicles. First, in order to collect the technical information on major joints and members, 17 vehicles were selected using benchmark data. The collected technical information for the selected vehicles was the cross sectional shapes of each joint and member which were used for the analysis of joint stiffness, crashworthiness and static stiffness of the member to make a database along with cross section properties. This study applied a ‘What If Study’ technique to perform a concept design of an automotive body using the analyzed information and selected cross section meeting the design objectives. The criteria for the selection of the cross section were defined by subdividing the defined design objectives of an automotive body structure and constraints into members and joints. In order to configure an analysis model of an automotive body structure using the selected cross section, a shape parametric model was used and static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and crashworthiness were assessed to evaluate the configured automotive body structure. The evaluation result showed that the crashworthiness and static/dynamic stiffness were improved compared to an existing body structure. In addition, the weight of the body structure was reduced. Through this study, the process that can rapidly and effectively derive and evaluate the concept design of an automotive body structure was defined. It is expected that, henceforth, this process will be helpful for the study of automotive body structures.     

Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.     

掺混甲烷对乙烯层流预混火焰炭烟形貌的影响

针对掺混甲烷的乙烯层流火焰中的炭烟颗粒从形貌角度进行了研究,构建了具有相同当量比(2.07)、火焰温度、气体流速的层流预混乙烯火焰和掺混甲烷的乙烯火焰,并各自选取了3个高度进行热泳探针取样,采用TEM和AFM方法对各个工况的炭烟颗粒粒径分布、平均粒径、平均体积当量球径进行了对比。发现少量的甲烷掺混会令乙烯火焰中炭烟颗粒的尺寸变大,而当甲烷掺混量变多时该现象消失。而通过对颗粒的圆度、球度和分形维数计算和分析,发现即使是很小的颗粒也具有相似的不规则形状,这一现象广泛存在于各种火焰和各种大小的颗粒中,不受掺混比的影响,并且越大的颗粒结构越松散。